Sedentary bout durations and metabolic syndrome among working adults: a prospective cohort study

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Abstract

Background

This study aimed to examine the associations between time spent in prolonged and non-prolonged sedentary bouts and the development of metabolic syndrome.

Methods

We used data from a prospective study of Japanese workers. Baseline examination was conducted between 2010 and 2011. A total of 430 office workers (58 women) aged 40-64 years without metabolic syndrome were followed up by annual health checkups until 2014. Metabolic syndrome was defined as having ≥ 3 out of 5 diagnostic criteria from the Joint Interim Statement 2009 definition. Sedentary time was assessed using a tri-axial accelerometer. Time spent in total, prolonged (accumulated ≥ 30 min) and non-prolonged sedentary bouts (accumulated < 30 min) was calculated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Results

During a median follow-up of 3 years, 83 participants developed metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking, and family income, positive associations were observed between time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts and the development of metabolic syndrome. After additional adjustment for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, those in the three highest quartiles of time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts showed higher risk of metabolic syndrome compared to the lowest quartile group, with adjusted hazard ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of 2.72 (1.30 – 5.73), 2.42 (1.11 – 5.50), and 2.85 (1.31 – 6.18), respectively. No associations were seen for time spent in total and non-prolonged sedentary bouts.

Conclusions

Sedentary behavior accumulated in a prolonged manner was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. In devising public health recommendations for the prevention of metabolic disease, the avoidance of prolonged uninterrupted periods of sedentary behavior should be considered.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3570-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Most cited references 10

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Breaks in sedentary time: beneficial associations with metabolic risk.

Genevieve N Healy, David Dunstan, Jo Salmon … (2008)

Total sedentary (absence of whole-body movement) time is associated with obesity, abnormal glucose metabolism, and the metabolic syndrome. In addition to the effects of total sedentary time, the manner in which it is accumulated may also be important. We examined the association of breaks in objectively measured sedentary time with biological markers of metabolic risk. Participants (n = 168, mean age 53.4 years) for this cross-sectional study were recruited from the 2004-2005 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study. Sedentary time was measured by an accelerometer (counts/minute(-1) or = 100) was considered a break. Fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, weight, height, waist circumference, and resting blood pressure were measured. MatLab was used to derive the breaks variable; SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. Independent of total sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity time, increased breaks in sedentary time were beneficially associated with waist circumference (standardized beta = -0.16, 95% CI -0.31 to -0.02, P = 0.026), BMI (beta = -0.19, -0.35 to -0.02, P = 0.026), triglycerides (beta = -0.18, -0.34 to -0.02, P = 0.029), and 2-h plasma glucose (beta = -0.18, -0.34 to -0.02, P = 0.025). This study provides evidence of the importance of avoiding prolonged uninterrupted periods of sedentary (primarily sitting) time. These findings suggest new public health recommendations regarding breaking up sedentary time that are complementary to those for physical activity.

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Real-time estimation of daily physical activity intensity by a triaxial accelerometer and a gravity-removal classification algorithm.

Yuki Hikihara, Kazunori Ohkawara, Izumi Tabata … (2011)

We have recently developed a simple algorithm for the classification of household and locomotive activities using the ratio of unfiltered to filtered synthetic acceleration (gravity-removal physical activity classification algorithm, GRPACA) measured by a triaxial accelerometer. The purpose of the present study was to develop a new model for the immediate estimation of daily physical activity intensities using a triaxial accelerometer. A total of sixty-six subjects were randomly assigned into validation (n 44) and cross-validation (n 22) groups. All subjects performed fourteen activities while wearing a triaxial accelerometer in a controlled laboratory setting. During each activity, energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry, and physical activity intensities were expressed as metabolic equivalents (MET). The validation group displayed strong relationships between measured MET and filtered synthetic accelerations for household (r 0·907, P < 0·001) and locomotive (r 0·961, P < 0·001) activities. In the cross-validation group, two GRPACA-based linear regression models provided highly accurate MET estimation for household and locomotive activities. Results were similar when equations were developed by non-linear regression or sex-specific linear or non-linear regressions. Sedentary activities were also accurately estimated by the specific linear regression classified from other activity counts. Therefore, the use of a triaxial accelerometer in combination with a GRPACA permits more accurate and immediate estimation of daily physical activity intensities, compared with previously reported cut-off classification models. This method may be useful for field investigations as well as for self-monitoring by general users.

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Suppression of skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity during physical inactivity: a molecular reason to maintain daily low-intensity activity.

Alexandra Bey, Alicia Hamilton (2003)

We have examined the regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in skeletal muscle during physical inactivity in comparison to low-intensity contractile activity of ambulatory controls. From studies acutely preventing ambulatory activity of one or both the hindlimbs in rats, it was shown that approximately 90-95 % of the heparin-releasable (HR) LPL activity normally present in rat muscle with ambulatory activity is lost, and thus dependent on local contractile activity. Similarly, approximately 95 % of the differences in LPL activity between muscles of different fibre types was dependent on ambulatory activity. The robustness of the finding that physical inactivity significantly decreases muscle LPL activity was evident from confirmatory studies with different models of inactivity, in many rats and mice, both sexes, three muscle types and during both acute and chronic (11 days) treatment. Inactivity caused a local reduction of plasma [3H]triglyceride uptake into muscle and a decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. LPL mRNA was not differentially expressed between ambulatory controls and either the acutely or chronically inactive groups. Instead, the process involved a rapid loss of the HR-LPL protein mass (the portion of LPL largely associated with the vascular endothelium) by an actinomycin D-sensitive signalling mechanism (i.e. transcriptionally dependent process). Significant decreases of intracellular LPL protein content lagged behind the loss of HR-LPL protein. Treadmill walking raised LPL activity approximately 8-fold (P < 0.01) within 4 h after inactivity. The striking sensitivity of muscle LPL to inactivity and low-intensity contractile activity may provide one piece of the puzzle for why inactivity is a risk factor for metabolic diseases and why even non-vigorous activity provides marked protection against disorders involving poor lipid metabolism.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Takanori Honda: honda-t@eph.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Sanmei Chen: sanmei.chen@kyudai.jp

Koji Yonemoto: yonemoto_koji@med.kurume-u.ac.jp

Hiro Kishimoto: hiro4@eph.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Tao Chen: chentwhy@gmail.com

Kenji Narazaki: narazaki@fit.ac.jp

Yuka Haeuchi: yuka_haeuchi@yahoo.co.jp

Shuzo Kumagai: +81-92-583-7853 , shuzo@ihs.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Public Health

Title: BMC Public Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2458

Publication date (Electronic): 26 August 2016

Publication date PMC-release: 26 August 2016

Publication date Collection: 2016

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 888

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Behavior and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga kouen, Kasuga City, Fukuoka Prefecture 816-8580 Japan

[2 ]Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture 812-8582 Japan

[3 ]Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083 Japan

[4 ]Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture 830-0011 Japan

[5 ]Department of Socio-Environmental Studies, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture 811-0295 Japan

[6 ]Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga kouen, Kasuga City, Fukuoka Prefecture 816-8580 Japan

Article

Publisher ID: 3570

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3570-3

PMC ID: 5000401

PubMed ID: 27562190

SO-VID: 8b0b8dca-32df-42c1-bdb4-9a7f41b2db4e

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 10 February 2016

Date accepted : 20 August 2016

Funding

Funded by: The Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science Fellows

Award ID: 15J03431

Award Recipient : Takanori Honda

Funded by: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan

Award ID: 22240073

Award Recipient : Shuzo Kumagai

Funded by: The Practical Research Project for Life-Style related Diseases including Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED

Award ID: 15ek0210001h0003

Award Recipient : Shuzo Kumagai

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: epidemiology,accelerometry,sedentary lifestyle,physical activity,central obesity,metabolic syndrome

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: epidemiology, accelerometry, sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, central obesity, metabolic syndrome

Sedentary bout durations and metabolic syndrome among working adults: a prospective cohort study

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Electronic supplementary material

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Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 10

Breaks in sedentary time: beneficial associations with metabolic risk.

Real-time estimation of daily physical activity intensity by a triaxial accelerometer and a gravity-removal classification algorithm.

Suppression of skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity during physical inactivity: a molecular reason to maintain daily low-intensity activity.

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