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      Mechanochemistry assisted asymmetric organocatalysis: A sustainable approach

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          Summary

          Ball-milling and pestle and mortar grinding have emerged as powerful methods for the development of environmentally benign chemical transformations. Recently, the use of these mechanochemical techniques in asymmetric organocatalysis has increased. This review highlights the progress in asymmetric organocatalytic reactions assisted by mechanochemical techniques.

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          Mechanochemistry: opportunities for new and cleaner synthesis.

          The aim of this critical review is to provide a broad but digestible overview of mechanochemical synthesis, i.e. reactions conducted by grinding solid reactants together with no or minimal solvent. Although mechanochemistry has historically been a sideline approach to synthesis it may soon move into the mainstream because it is increasingly apparent that it can be practical, and even advantageous, and because of the opportunities it provides for developing more sustainable methods. Concentrating on recent advances, this article covers industrial aspects, inorganic materials, organic synthesis, cocrystallisation, pharmaceutical aspects, metal complexes (including metal-organic frameworks), supramolecular aspects and characterization methods. The historical development, mechanistic aspects, limitations and opportunities are also discussed (314 references). This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
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              Ball milling in organic synthesis: solutions and challenges.

              During the last decade numerous protocols have been published using the method of ball milling for synthesis all over the field of organic chemistry. However, compared to other methods leaving their marks on the road to sustainable synthesis (e.g. microwave, ultrasound, ionic liquids) chemistry in ball mills is rather underrepresented in the knowledge of organic chemists. Especially, in the last three years the interest in this technique raised continuously, culminating in several high-quality synthetic procedures covering the whole range of organic synthesis. Thus, the present tutorial review will be focused on the highlights using this method of energy transfer and energy dissipation. The central aim is to motivate researchers to take notice of ball mills as chemical reactors, implementing this technique in everyday laboratory use and thus, pave the ground for future activities in this interdisciplinary field of research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Guest Editor
                Journal
                Beilstein J Org Chem
                Beilstein J Org Chem
                Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry
                Beilstein-Institut (Trakehner Str. 7-9, 60487 Frankfurt am Main, Germany )
                1860-5397
                2012
                6 December 2012
                : 8
                : 2132-2141
                Affiliations
                [1 ]U.G.C. Sponsored Centre for Advance Studies in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India, Fax: (+)91-183-2258820
                Article
                10.3762/bjoc.8.240
                3520570
                23243475
                8a86ed85-3fea-4cca-b647-dad65e27f9f8
                Copyright © 2012, Chauhan and Chimni; licensee Beilstein-Institut.

                This is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry terms and conditions: ( http://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc)

                History
                : 19 October 2012
                : 28 November 2012
                Categories
                Review
                Chemistry
                Organic Chemistry

                Organic & Biomolecular chemistry
                ball-milling,enantioselective synthesis,mechanochemistry,organocatalysis,solvent-free

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