Effects of additional dosage of vitamin D ₃, vitamin D ₂, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₃ on calcium and phosphorus utilization, egg quality and bone mineralization in laying hens

Abstract

Vitamin D is essential for the metabolism of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in birds. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different isoforms of dietary vitamin D on Ca and P utilization, egg quality, and bone mineralization of laying hens. A total of 42 Lohmann white laying hens at 57 wk of age were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments for 6 wk. Dietary treatments were: 3,000 IU/kg Vit D ₃ as control, and control with additional 3,000 IU/kg 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₃ (T1), 9,000 IU/kg 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₃ (T2), 3,000 IU/kg vitamin D3 (T3), 9,000 IU/kg vitamin D ₃ (T4), 3,000 IU/kg of vitamin D ₂ (T5), or 9,000 IU/kg of vitamin D ₂ (T6). Egg production and egg quality were measured weekly. Fecal samples were collected at weeks 2 and 6 to measure Ca and P utilization. After 6 wk, the left tibia and femurs were collected to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC). A 1-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD means separation test was used for statistical analysis. There were no significant differences in egg production, egg quality, BMD, or BMC of tibia and femurs among the treatments ( P > 0.05). T6 significantly reduced feed intake ( P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca was higher ( P < 0.012) in treatments supplemented with additional vitamin D, irrespective of forms. The ATTD of P was higher ( P < 0.0001) in T5 compared to the other treatments at both time points. The utilization of Ca and P by laying hens can be improved through the addition of different isoforms of vitamin D in diets. However, additional vitamin D supplementation to laying hens, regardless of forms, had no effect on either bone mineralization or measures of egg quality.