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      Land use change and carbon emissions of a transformation to timber cities

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          Abstract

          Using engineered wood for construction has been discussed for climate change mitigation. It remains unclear where and in which way the additional demand for wooden construction material shall be fulfilled. Here we assess the global and regional impacts of increased demand for engineered wood on land use and associated CO 2 emissions until 2100 using an open-source land system model. We show that if 90% of the new urban population would be housed in newly built urban mid-rise buildings with wooden constructions, 106 Gt of additional CO 2 could be saved by 2100. Forest plantations would need to expand by up to 149 Mha by 2100 and harvests from unprotected natural forests would increase. Our results indicate that expansion of timber plantations for wooden buildings is possible without major repercussions on agricultural production. Strong governance and careful planning are required to ensure a sustainable transition to timber cities even if frontier forests and biodiversity hotspots are protected.

          Abstract

          Wood used in construction stores carbon and reduces the emissions from steel and cement production. Transformation to timber cities while protecting forest and biodiversity is possible without significant increase in competition for land.

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          Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease

          Krabbe disease (KD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lack of β- galactosylceramidase enzymatic activity and by widespread accumulation of the cytotoxic galactosyl-sphingosine in neuronal, myelinating and endothelial cells. Despite the wide use of Twitcher mice as experimental model for KD, the ultrastructure of this model is partial and mainly addressing peripheral nerves. More details are requested to elucidate the basis of the motor defects, which are the first to appear during KD onset. Here we use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to focus on the alterations produced by KD in the lower motor system at postnatal day 15 (P15), a nearly asymptomatic stage, and in the juvenile P30 mouse. We find mild effects on motorneuron soma, severe ones on sciatic nerves and very severe effects on nerve terminals and neuromuscular junctions at P30, with peripheral damage being already detectable at P15. Finally, we find that the gastrocnemius muscle undergoes atrophy and structural changes that are independent of denervation at P15. Our data further characterize the ultrastructural analysis of the KD mouse model, and support recent theories of a dying-back mechanism for neuronal degeneration, which is independent of demyelination.
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            U1 snRNP regulates cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro

            Stimulated cells and cancer cells have widespread shortening of mRNA 3’-untranslated regions (3’UTRs) and switches to shorter mRNA isoforms due to usage of more proximal polyadenylation signals (PASs) in introns and last exons. U1 snRNP (U1), vertebrates’ most abundant non-coding (spliceosomal) small nuclear RNA, silences proximal PASs and its inhibition with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (U1 AMO) triggers widespread premature transcription termination and mRNA shortening. Here we show that low U1 AMO doses increase cancer cells’ migration and invasion in vitro by up to 500%, whereas U1 over-expression has the opposite effect. In addition to 3’UTR length, numerous transcriptome changes that could contribute to this phenotype are observed, including alternative splicing, and mRNA expression levels of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors. These findings reveal an unexpected role for U1 homeostasis (available U1 relative to transcription) in oncogenic and activated cell states, and suggest U1 as a potential target for their modulation.
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              Plasma Hsp90 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis and relation to lung and skin involvement: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

              Our previous study demonstrated increased expression of Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 in the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). We aimed to evaluate plasma Hsp90 in SSc and characterize its association with SSc-related features. Ninety-two SSc patients and 92 age-/sex-matched healthy controls were recruited for the cross-sectional analysis. The longitudinal analysis comprised 30 patients with SSc associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) routinely treated with cyclophosphamide. Hsp90 was increased in SSc compared to healthy controls. Hsp90 correlated positively with C-reactive protein and negatively with pulmonary function tests: forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). In patients with diffuse cutaneous (dc) SSc, Hsp90 positively correlated with the modified Rodnan skin score. In SSc-ILD patients treated with cyclophosphamide, no differences in Hsp90 were found between baseline and after 1, 6, or 12 months of therapy. However, baseline Hsp90 predicts the 12-month change in DLCO. This study shows that Hsp90 plasma levels are increased in SSc patients compared to age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Elevated Hsp90 in SSc is associated with increased inflammatory activity, worse lung functions, and in dcSSc, with the extent of skin involvement. Baseline plasma Hsp90 predicts the 12-month change in DLCO in SSc-ILD patients treated with cyclophosphamide.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mishra@pik-potsdam.de
                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2041-1723
                30 August 2022
                30 August 2022
                2022
                : 13
                : 4889
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.4556.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0493 9031, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of Leibniz Association, ; P.O.Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
                [2 ]GRID grid.7468.d, ISNI 0000 0001 2248 7639, Humboldt University of Berlin, Department of Agricultural Economics, ; Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
                [3 ]GRID grid.468369.6, ISNI 0000 0000 9108 2742, World Vegetable Center, ; P.O. Box 42, Shanhua, Tainan, 74199 Taiwan
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8287-9922
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-1492
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-6712
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-5508
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9500-1986
                Article
                32244
                10.1038/s41467-022-32244-w
                9427734
                36042197
                89c562d8-695d-41c0-98e0-865b01df6d3d
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 18 November 2021
                : 13 July 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002347, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research);
                Award ID: 01LA1809A
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001664, Leibniz-Gemeinschaft (Leibniz Association);
                Award ID: SAW-2016-PIK-1
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100010661, EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020);
                Award ID: 821124
                Award ID: 821471
                Award ID: 821010
                Award ID: 776479
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100007636, Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (German Federal Environmental Foundation);
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Uncategorized
                climate-change mitigation,forestry
                Uncategorized
                climate-change mitigation, forestry

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