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      Modeling Low Energy Demand Futures for Buildings: Current State and Research Needs

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          Abstract

          Buildings are key in supporting human activities and well-being by providing shelter and other important services to their users. Buildings are, however, also responsible for major energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during their life cycle. Improving the quality of services provided by buildings while reaching low energy demand (LED) levels is crucial for climate and sustainability targets. Building sector models have become essential tools for decision support on strategies to reduce energy demand and GHG emissions. Yet current models have significant limitations in their ability to assess the transformations required for LED. We review building sector models ranging from the subnational to the global scale to identify best practices and critical gaps in representing transformations toward LED futures. We focus on three key dimensions of intervention (socio-behavioral, infrastructural, and technological), three megatrends (digitalization, sharing economy, and circular economy), and decent living standards. This review recommends the model developments needed to better assess LED transformations in buildings and support decision-making toward sustainability targets.

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          A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems

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            Circular Economy: The Concept and its Limitations

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              The trouble with negative emissions

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Annual Review of Environment and Resources
                Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.
                Annual Reviews
                1543-5938
                1545-2050
                November 13 2023
                November 13 2023
                : 48
                : 1
                : 761-792
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Energy, Climate, and Environment (ECE) Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria;, , , , ,
                [2 ]Centro de Estudos sobre a Mudança Socioeconómica e o Território, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;
                [3 ]Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria;,
                [4 ]Environmental Change Institute (ECI), Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom;,
                [5 ]School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom;
                [6 ]Land Use, Transport, and Infrastructures, Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC), Berlin, Germany;
                [7 ]Sustainability Economics of Human Settlement, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
                [8 ]Prayas (Energy Group), Pune, India;
                [9 ]Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
                [10 ]Systems Analysis Group, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), Kizugawa, Japan;
                [11 ]Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands;
                [12 ]RFF-CMCC European Institute on Economics and the Environment (EIEE), Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Milan, Italy
                [13 ]Buildings Research Program, Climate Neutrality Department, OpenExp, Paris, France;
                [14 ]Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan;,
                [15 ]Power Systems Economics Division, Environmental and Economic Studies, Réseau de Transport d'Electricité (RTE), Paris, France;
                Article
                10.1146/annurev-environ-112321-102921
                dc43f778-0081-447d-88bb-d90e63bfb12e
                © 2023

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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