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      Valvuloplastia aórtica percutânea como medida salvadora na estenose aórtica crítica com instabilidade hemodinâmica Translated title: Emergency percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in critical aortic stenosis with hemodynamic instability

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          Abstract

          Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 81 anos, com estenose aórtica (EA) grave sintomática, que, durante cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico, evoluiu com instabilidade hemodinâmica refratária e posterior parada respiratória. Foi submetida à valvuloplastia aórtica percutânea por balão como medida salvadora, com subsequente melhora hemodinâmica e compensação clínica. A possibilidade de tratamento cirúrgico da EA foi descartada pelo alto risco cirúrgico. O acompanhamento clínico de até 7 meses após o procedimento demonstrou melhora significativa da classe funcional e boa tolerância aos esforços.

          Translated abstract

          We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) who developed refractory hemodynamic instability and respiratory arrest during a diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The patient was submitted to a percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty as a life saving procedure with subsequent hemodynamic improvement and clinical stabilization. The possibility of surgical treatment for AS was excluded due to the high surgical risk. Clinical follow-up of up to 7 months after the procedure demonstrated significant improvement in functional class and good exercise tolerance.

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          Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients.

          The use of transcatheter aortic-valve replacement has been shown to reduce mortality among high-risk patients with aortic stenosis who are not candidates for surgical replacement. However, the two procedures have not been compared in a randomized trial involving high-risk patients who are still candidates for surgical replacement. At 25 centers, we randomly assigned 699 high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis to undergo either transcatheter aortic-valve replacement with a balloon-expandable bovine pericardial valve (either a transfemoral or a transapical approach) or surgical replacement. The primary end point was death from any cause at 1 year. The primary hypothesis was that transcatheter replacement is not inferior to surgical replacement. The rates of death from any cause were 3.4% in the transcatheter group and 6.5% in the surgical group at 30 days (P=0.07) and 24.2% and 26.8%, respectively, at 1 year (P=0.44), a reduction of 2.6 percentage points in the transcatheter group (upper limit of the 95% confidence interval, 3.0 percentage points; predefined margin, 7.5 percentage points; P=0.001 for noninferiority). The rates of major stroke were 3.8% in the transcatheter group and 2.1% in the surgical group at 30 days (P=0.20) and 5.1% and 2.4%, respectively, at 1 year (P=0.07). At 30 days, major vascular complications were significantly more frequent with transcatheter replacement (11.0% vs. 3.2%, P<0.001); adverse events that were more frequent after surgical replacement included major bleeding (9.3% vs. 19.5%, P<0.001) and new-onset atrial fibrillation (8.6% vs. 16.0%, P=0.006). More patients undergoing transcatheter replacement had an improvement in symptoms at 30 days, but by 1 year, there was not a significant between-group difference. In high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, transcatheter and surgical procedures for aortic-valve replacement were associated with similar rates of survival at 1 year, although there were important differences in periprocedural risks. (Funded by Edwards Lifesciences; Clinical Trials.gov number, NCT00530894.).
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            Percutaneous transcatheter implantation of an aortic valve prosthesis for calcific aortic stenosis: first human case description.

            The design of a percutaneous implantable prosthetic heart valve has become an important area for investigation. A percutaneously implanted heart valve (PHV) composed of 3 bovine pericardial leaflets mounted within a balloon-expandable stent was developed. After ex vivo testing and animal implantation studies, the first human implantation was performed in a 57-year-old man with calcific aortic stenosis, cardiogenic shock, subacute leg ischemia, and other associated noncardiac diseases. Valve replacement had been declined for this patient, and balloon valvuloplasty had been performed with nonsustained results. With the use of an antegrade transseptal approach, the PHV was successfully implanted within the diseased native aortic valve, with accurate and stable PHV positioning, no impairment of the coronary artery blood flow or of the mitral valve function, and a mild paravalvular aortic regurgitation. Immediately and at 48 hours after implantation, valve function was excellent, resulting in marked hemodynamic improvement. Over a follow-up period of 4 months, the valvular function remained satisfactory as assessed by sequential transesophageal echocardiography, and there was no recurrence of heart failure. However, severe noncardiac complications occurred, including a progressive worsening of the leg ischemia, leading to leg amputation with lack of healing, infection, and death 17 weeks after PHV implantation. Nonsurgical implantation of a prosthetic heart valve can be successfully achieved with immediate and midterm hemodynamic and clinical improvement. After further device modifications, additional durability tests, and confirmatory clinical implantations, PHV might become an important therapeutic alternative for the treatment of selected patients with nonsurgical aortic stenosis.
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              2008 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease). Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbci
                Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia Invasiva
                Rev. Bras. Cardiol. Invasiva
                Sociedade Brasileira de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista - SBHCI (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0104-1843
                2179-8397
                2013
                : 21
                : 3
                : 295-298
                Affiliations
                [02] Vitória ES orgnameInstituto de Cardiologia do Espírito Santo orgdiv1Serviço de Hemodinâmica Brasil
                [01] Vila Velha ES orgnameHospital Evangélico de Vila Velha orgdiv1Serviço de Hemodinâmica Brasil
                Article
                S2179-83972013000300018 S2179-8397(13)02100300018
                10.1590/S2179-83972013000300018
                882fb0f7-f865-4c4f-a3f5-13ae7cd74218

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 July 2013
                : 23 May 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Relatos de Caso

                Heart valve prosthesis implantation,Estenose da valva aórtica,Choque cardiogênico,Implante de prótese de valva cardíaca,Aortic valve stenosis,Shock, cardiogenic

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