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      Morbimortalidade em pacientes acima de 75 anos submetidos à cirurgia por estenose valvar aórtica Translated title: Morbidity and mortality in patients aged over 75 years undergoing surgery for aortic valve replacement

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          Abstract

          FUNDAMENTO: A maior longevidade observada atualmente ocasionou aumento do número de idosos que necessitam de intervenções cirúrgicas. A estenose aórtica é uma condição frequente nessa faixa etária. OBJETIVO: Avaliar morbidade e mortalidade hospitalar em pessoas de 75 anos ou mais, que tenham sido submetidas à cirurgia de valvuloplastia, ou de troca valvar por estenose aórtica isolada ou associada a outras lesões. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 230 casos consecutivos entre jan/2002-dez/2007. Os pacientes tinham 79,5 ± 3,7 anos (75 - 94), sendo que 53,9% eram homens. Na amostra, 68,7% tinham hipertensão arterial, 17,9% tinham fibrilação atrial, 15,9% apresentaram obesidade e 14,4% cirurgia cardíaca prévia. Na cirurgia, 87,4% foram submetidos à colocação de prótese aórtica e 12,6% à valvuloplastia aórtica. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade foi de 13,9% (sendo 9,4% de estenose aórtica isolada x 20,9% com procedimento associado; p = 0,023) e a morbidade foi de 30,0% (sendo 25,2% de estenose aórtica isolada x 37,4% com procedimento associado; p = 0,068). As complicações mais frequentes foram: baixo débito cardíaco (20,2%), disfunção renal (9,7%) e suporte ventilatório prolongado (7,9%). Na análise bivariada, os maiores preditores de mortalidade foram: baixo débito cardíaco (RR 10,1, IC95%: 5,02-20,3), uso do balão intra-aórtico (RR 6,6, IC95%: 3,83-11,4), sepse (RR 6,77, IC95%: 1,66-9,48) e disfunção renal pós-operatória (RR 6,21, IC95%: 3,47-11,1). Quanto à morbidade, foram preditores: disfunção renal pré-operatória (RR 2,22, IC95%: 1,25-3,95), fibrilação atrial (RR 1,74, IC95%: 1,16-2,61) e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) (RR 1,93, IC95%: 1,25-2,97). CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia valvar aórtica em idosos está relacionada à morbimortalidade um pouco maior do que nos pacientes mais jovens, sendo os seus principais fatores de risco: procedimentos associados, insuficiência renal, fibrilação atrial, DPOC e sepse.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: The greater longevity observed today has caused an increase in the number of elderly who need surgery. Aortic stenosis is a common condition in this age group. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morbidity and mortality in people aged 75 years or older who have undergone valvuloplasty or valve replacement surgery for aortic stenosis alone or associated with other injuries. METHODS: We studied 230 consecutive cases between Jan/2002-Dec/2007. Patients were 79.5 ± 3.7 years (75 - 94), and 53.9% were men. In the sample, 68.7% had hypertension, 17.9% had atrial fibrillation, 15.9% were obese, and 14.4% had undergone previous heart surgery. At surgery, 87.4% underwent aortic stent placement, and 12.6% underwent aortic valvuloplasty. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 13.9% (9.4% with isolated aortic stenosis versus 20.9% with an associated procedure, p = 0.023) and the morbidity rate was 30.0% (25.2% with aortic stenosis alone versus 37.4% with an associated procedure, p = 0.068). The most common complications were: low cardiac output (20.2%), renal dysfunction (9.7%), and prolonged ventilatory support (7.9%). In the bivariate analysis, the main predictors of mortality were low cardiac output (RR 10.1, 95% CI: 5.02-20.3), use of intra-aortic balloon (RR 6.6, 95% CI: 3.83-11.4), sepsis (RR 6.77, 95%: 1.66-9.48) and renal dysfunction after surgery (RR 6.21, 95%: 3.47-11.1). As for morbidity, the predictors were: pre-operative renal dysfunction (RR 2.22, 95%: 1.25-3.95), atrial fibrillation (RR 1.74, 95%: 1.16-2.61), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (RR 1.93, 95%: 1.25-2.97). CONCLUSION: Aortic valve surgery in the elderly is related to a slightly higher mortality rate than in younger patients, and its main risk factors were associated procedures, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, COPD, and sepsis.

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          Percutaneous aortic valve replacement will become a common treatment for aortic valve disease.

          Percutaneous valve replacement is developing into an effective and reproducible therapy for aortic valve stenosis. Initial experience suggests that outcomes compare favorably with conventional valve surgery in selected patients with comorbidities, such as advanced age. Caution is prudent, however, in the future a more mature procedure might represent a viable alternative for a much broader range of patients.
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            Aortic valve replacement in the elderly. Risk factors and long-term results.

            The current study was undertaken to determine long-term results of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in the elderly, to ascertain predictors of poor outcome, and to assess quality of life.
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              • Article: not found

              Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the operating room: early experience

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
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                Journal
                abc
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
                Arq. Bras. Cardiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC (São Paulo )
                1678-4170
                June 2010
                : 94
                : 6
                : 720-725
                Article
                S0066-782X2010000600003
                1c7e12e6-70f0-4033-96fd-9d8bc362bdcb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0066-782X&lng=en
                Categories
                CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Aortic valve stenosis,morbidity,aged,Estenose da valva aórtica,morbidade,idoso

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