Changes in Honeybee Behavior Parameters under the Influence of the E-Field at 50 Hz and Variable Intensity

Abstract

Simple Summary

A dynamically developing civilization is constantly increasing the demand for electricity. Increasing energy consumption and communication range contributes to the use of different frequencies of the electromagnetic field (EMF). As a result, the natural environment is tightly filled with EMF of various frequencies and intensities. This leaves the entire environment under its influence. The honeybee, as one of the most important pollinators, is constantly influenced by these factors. Studying the influence of this factor on the behavior of the honeybee will help to understand whether these changes pose a threat to this valuable pollinator. Our research showed changes in the behavior of bees under the influence of a 50 Hz E-field. The demonstrated behavioral disturbances may reduce the efficiency of bees as pollinators, which will translate into a decrease in the efficiency of crop production.

Abstract

EM-fields come from both natural and anthropogenic sources. This study aimed to investigate changes in honeybee behavior parameters under the influence of an electric field at 50 Hz and variable intensity. Bees were exposed for 1 h, 3 h, or 6 h to the following artificial E-field intensities: 5.0 kV/m, 11.5 kV/m, 23.0 kV/m, or 34.5 kV/m. Bees in the control group were under the influence of an E-field <2.0 kV/m. Six basic behaviors were selected for bee observation (walking, grooming, flight, stillness, contact between individuals, and wing movement). Our research shows the impact of bee exposure time on behavioral change within groups. Exposure for 3 h caused a decrease in the time that bees spent on behaviors and in the number of occurrences. After 6 h, the parameters increased within the groups, as was the case with 1 h exposure. This may indicate that there is a behavioral barrier that allows the pattern to normalize for some time.