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      Comparison of the Microtensile Bond Strength of a Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) Tooth Post Cemented with Various Surface Treatments and Various Resin Cements

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          Abstract

          The aim of this in-vitro research was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength in the newly introduced PEKK tooth post with various surface treatments and resin cements. A fiberglass tooth post was included in order to compare it with PEKK as a possible post material. The microtensile bond strengths of the fiberglass post (FRC Postec Plus) and the PEKK post (Pekkton ®) were tested using three kinds of self-adhesive resin cements (G-CEM LinkAce, Multilink Speed, and RelyX U200) and one self-etching resin cement (PANAVIA F2.0). The surface treatments of the fiberglass posts were processed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (F1, application of 37% phosphoric acid etching gel and silanization). For the PEKK post groups, various surface treatments were performed like no surface treatment (P1), sandblasting (P2), silica-coating and silanization (P3), and sandblasting with a composite primer (P4). In the surface treatment, PEKK posts with silica coating and silane treatment (P3) showed a significantly higher microtensile bond strength (mean MPa: 18.09, p < 0.05). The highest microtensile bond strength was shown when the PEKK posts were treated with a silica coating and silane treatment and cemented with RelyX U200 (mean MPa: 22.22). The PEKK posts with surface treatments of silica-coating and silanization or sandblasting displayed superior microtensile bond strengths (mean MPa: 18.09 and 16.25, respectively) compared to the conventional fiberglass posts (mean MPa: 14.93, p < 0.05).

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          Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength--evaluation of a micro-tensile bond test.

          Hidehiko Sano, Tsunekazu Shono, Hidekazu Sonoda … (1994)
          The purpose of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the bonded surface area of dentin and the tensile strength of adhesive materials. The enamel was removed from the occlusal surface of extracted human third molars, and the entire flat surface was covered with resin composite bonded to the dentin to form a flat resin composite crown. Twenty-four hours later, the bonded specimens were sectioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth into 10-20 thin sections whose upper part was composed of resin composite with the lower half being dentin. These small sections were trimmed using a high speed diamond bur into an hourglass shape with the narrowest portion at the bonded interface. Surface area was varied by altering the specimen thickness and width. Tensile bond strength was measured using custom-made grips in a universal testing machine. Tensile bond strength was inversely related to bonded surface area. At surface areas below 0.4 mm2, the tensile bond strengths were about 55 MPa for Clearfil Liner Bond 2 (Kuraray Co., Ltd.), 38 MPa for Scotchbond MP (3M Dental Products), and 20 MPa for Vitremer (3M Dental Products). At these small surface areas all of the bond failures were adhesive in nature. This new method permits measurement of high bond strengths without cohesive failure of dentin. It also permits multiple measurements to be made within a single tooth.
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            Finite element analysis of a glass fibre reinforced composite endodontic post.

            A Pegoretti, L Fambri, G Zappini … (2002)
            In this work the mechanical response to external applied loads of a new glass fibre reinforced endodontic post is simulated by finite element (FE) analysis of a bidimensional model. The new post has a cylindrical shape with a smooth conical end in order to adequately fit the root cavity, and to avoid edges that could act as undesired stress concentrators. Mechanical data obtained by three-point bending tests on some prototypes fabricated in the laboratory are presented and used in the FE model. Under various loading conditions, the resulting stress component fields are hence compared with those obtained in the case of two commercial endodontic posts (i.e. a cast metal post and a carbon fibre post) and with the response of a natural tooth. The gold cast post-and-core produces the greatest stress concentration at the post-dentin interface. On the other hand, fibre-reinforced composite posts do present quite high stresses in the cervical region due to their flexibility and also to the presence of a less stiff core material. The glass fibre composite shows the lowest peak stresses inside the root because its stiffness is much similar to dentin. Except for the force concentration at the cervical margin, the glass fibre composite post induces a stress field quite similar to that of the natural tooth.
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              Adhesion testing of dentin bonding agents: a review.

              M Yoshiyama, H. Sano, Adriana R. Carvalho … (1995)
              Adhesion testing of dentin bonding agents was reviewed starting with the adhesion substrate, dentin, the variables involved in etching, priming and bonding, storage variables and testing variables. Several recent reports attempting to standardize many of these variables were discussed. Recent advances in the development of new bonding systems have resulted in bond strengths on the order of 20-30 MPa. At these high bond strengths, most of the bond failure modes have been cohesive in dentin. As this precludes measurement of interfacial bond strength, new testing methods must be developed. One such new method, a microtensile method, was described along with preliminary results that have been obtained. The last decade has produced major advances in dentin bonding. The next decade should prove to be even more exciting.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): materials
                Title: Materials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 May 2018
                Publication date Collection: June 2018
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 916
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; chanhong82@ 123456gmail.com (C.-H.S.); won9180@ 123456hanmail.net (J.-W.C.); jeonycdds@ 123456daum.net (Y.-C.J.); cmjeong@ 123456pusan.ac.kr (C.-M.J.); romilove7@ 123456hanmail.net (S.-H.L.)
                [2 ]Department of Prosthodontics, In-Je University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan 48108, Korea; prosth-kang@ 123456hanmail.net
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: p-venus79@ 123456hanmail.net (M.-J.Y.) neoplasia96@ 123456hanmail.net (J.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-10-8007-9099 (J.-B.H.); Fax: +82-55-360-5134 (J.-B.H.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-9251
                Article
                Publisher ID: materials-11-00916
                DOI: 10.3390/ma11060916
                PMC ID: 6025344
                PubMed ID: 29844270
                SO-VID: 86b489b6-97a5-4cbe-96e3-cf5209480b97
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 02 May 2018
                Date accepted : 25 May 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: polyetherketoneketone (pekk), post,surface treatment,fiberglass post,microtensile bond strength,resin cement
                Data availability:
                Keywords: polyetherketoneketone (pekk), post, surface treatment, fiberglass post, microtensile bond strength, resin cement

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