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      Do gaming disorder and hazardous gaming belong in the ICD-11? Considerations regarding the death of a hospitalized patient that was reported to have occurred while a care provider was gaming

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          Abstract

          There has been much debate regarding the extent to which different types and patterns of gaming may be considered harmful from individual and public health perspectives. A recent event in which a hospitalized patient was reported to have died while a care provider was gaming is worth considering as an example as to how gaming may distract individuals from work-related tasks or other activities, with potential negative consequences. As the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases is being developed, events like these are important to remember when considering entities like, and generating criteria for, disordered or hazardous gaming.

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          Internet gaming disorder and the DSM-5.

          Nancy M Petry, Charles O'Brien (2013)
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            Scholars’ open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD-11 Gaming Disorder proposal

            Espen Aarseth, Anthony M. Bean, Huub Boonen … (2017)
            Concerns about problematic gaming behaviors deserve our full attention. However, we claim that it is far from clear that these problems can or should be attributed to a new disorder. The empirical basis for a Gaming Disorder proposal, such as in the new ICD-11, suffers from fundamental issues. Our main concerns are the low quality of the research base, the fact that the current operationalization leans too heavily on substance use and gambling criteria, and the lack of consensus on symptomatology and assessment of problematic gaming. The act of formalizing this disorder, even as a proposal, has negative medical, scientific, public-health, societal, and human rights fallout that should be considered. Of particular concern are moral panics around the harm of video gaming. They might result in premature application of diagnosis in the medical community and the treatment of abundant false-positive cases, especially for children and adolescents. Second, research will be locked into a confirmatory approach, rather than an exploration of the boundaries of normal versus pathological. Third, the healthy majority of gamers will be affected negatively. We expect that the premature inclusion of Gaming Disorder as a diagnosis in ICD-11 will cause significant stigma to the millions of children who play video games as a part of a normal, healthy life. At this point, suggesting formal diagnoses and categories is premature: the ICD-11 proposal for Gaming Disorder should be removed to avoid a waste of public health resources as well as to avoid causing harm to healthy video gamers around the world.
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              Gaming disorder: Its delineation as an important condition for diagnosis, management, and prevention

              John Saunders, Wei Hao, Jiang Long … (2017)
              Online gaming has greatly increased in popularity in recent years, and with this has come a multiplicity of problems due to excessive involvement in gaming. Gaming disorder, both online and offline, has been defined for the first time in the draft of 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). National surveys have shown prevalence rates of gaming disorder/addiction of 10%–15% among young people in several Asian countries and of 1%–10% in their counterparts in some Western countries. Several diseases related to excessive gaming are now recognized, and clinics are being established to respond to individual, family, and community concerns, but many cases remain hidden. Gaming disorder shares many features with addictions due to psychoactive substances and with gambling disorder, and functional neuroimaging shows that similar areas of the brain are activated. Governments and health agencies worldwide are seeking for the effects of online gaming to be addressed, and for preventive approaches to be developed. Central to this effort is a need to delineate the nature of the problem, which is the purpose of the definitions in the draft of ICD-11.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (pmc): jba
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 2006
                Title: Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Abbreviated Title: J Behav Addict
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2062-5871
                ISSN (Electronic): 2063-5303
                Publication date (Electronic, epub): 15 May 2018
                Publication date (Print, ppub): June 2018
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 206-207
                Affiliations
                Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
                Author notes
                The Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA Phone: +1 203 974 7356; Fax: +1 203 974 7366 E-mail: marc.potenza@ 123456yale.edu
                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.42
                PMC ID: 6174605
                PubMed ID: 29788753
                SO-VID: 85e58101-9eca-4556-901b-8dddc5549d10
                Copyright © © 2018 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes - if any - are indicated.

                History
                Date received : 13 March 2018
                Date revision received : 09 April 2018
                Date accepted : 09 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 2
                Funding
                Funding sources: This work was conducted with support from the National Center for Responsible Gaming. The content of the manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the funding agencies.
                Categories
                Subject: LETTER TO THE EDITOR

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: hazardous gaming,International Classification of Diseases,Internet gaming disorder,addiction,behavioral addictions,addictive behaviors
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine, Psychology, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: hazardous gaming, International Classification of Diseases, Internet gaming disorder, addiction, behavioral addictions, addictive behaviors

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