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      Differences in Behavioral Inhibitory Control in Response to Angry and Happy Emotions Among College Students With and Without Suicidal Ideation: An ERP Study

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          Abstract

          Suicidal ideation is one of the strongest predictors of suicide. A large number of studies have illustrated the important effect of impulsivity on suicidal ideation, and behavioral inhibitory control (BIC) is a specific manifestation of impulsivity. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the difference in BIC in response to happy and angry emotions between individuals with or without suicidal ideation to reveal the underlying mechanism of the effect of impulsivity on suicidal ideation when accounting for the effect of emotion. Combining the ERP technique and the two-choice oddball paradigm, a total of 70 college students were recruited to participate in this study. The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation–Chinese Version was used to identify whether the participants had suicidal ideation. There were 30 participants in the risky-suicidal ideation (SI) group and 19 participants in the non-suicidal ideation (NSI) group. The results showed that the reaction time of the SI group was longer than that of the NSI group for happy emotions. At the electrophysiological level, the P3 amplitude of the NSI group was larger than that of the SI group regardless of the electrode sites and valence, and the P3 component elicited by angry faces was larger than those elicited by happy faces in the SI group. These findings suggest that individuals without suicidal ideation have better BIC, and the SI group has more difficulty controlling their responses to happy emotions than their responses to angry emotions.

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          Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: the negativity bias in evaluative categorizations.

          Tiffany Ito, Jeff Larsen, N. Kyle Smith … (1998)
          Negative information tends to influence evaluations more strongly than comparably extreme positive information. To test whether this negativity bias operates at the evaluative categorization stage, the authors recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs), which are more sensitive to the evaluative categorization than the response output stage, as participants viewed positive, negative, and neutral pictures. Results revealed larger amplitude late positive brain potentials during the evaluative categorization of (a) positive and negative stimuli as compared with neutral stimuli and (b) negative as compared with positive stimuli, even though both were equally probable, evaluatively extreme, and arousing. These results provide support for the hypothesis that the negativity bias in affective processing occurs as early as the initial categorization into valence classes.
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            Electrophysiological correlates of anterior cingulate function in a go/no-go task: effects of response conflict and trial type frequency.

            Sander Nieuwenhuis, Nick Yeung, Wery P.M. van den Wildenberg … (2003)
            Neuroimaging and computational modeling studies have led to the suggestion that response conflict monitoring by the anterior cingulate cortex plays a key role in cognitive control. For example, response conflict is high when a response must be withheld (no-go) in contexts in which there is a prepotent tendency to make an overt (go) response. An event-related brain potential (ERP) component, the N2, is more pronounced on no-go than on go trials and was previously thought to reflect the need to inhibit the go response. However, the N2 may instead reflect the high degree of response conflict on no-go trials. If so, an N2 should also be apparent when subjects make a go response in conditions in which no-go events are more common. To test this hypothesis, we collected high-density ERP data from subjects performing a go/no-go task, in which the relative frequency of go versus no-go stimuli was varied. Consistent with our hypothesis, an N2 was apparent on both go and no-go trials and showed the properties expected of an ERP measure of conflict detection on correct trials: (1) It was enhanced for low-frequency stimuli, irrespective of whether these stimuli were associated with generating or suppressing a response, and (2) it was localized to the anterior cingulate cortex. This suggests that previous conceptions of the no-go N2 as indexing response inhibition may be in need of revision. Instead, the results are consistent with the view that the N2 in go/no-go tasks reflects conflict arising from competition between the execution and the inhibition of a single response.
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              The neural basis of inhibition in cognitive control.

              Adam R. Aron (2007)
              The concept of "inhibition" is widely used in synaptic, circuit, and systems neuroscience, where it has a clear meaning because it is clearly observable. The concept is also ubiquitous in psychology. One common use is to connote an active/willed process underlying cognitive control. Many authors claim that subjects execute cognitive control over unwanted stimuli, task sets, responses, memories, and emotions by inhibiting them, and that frontal lobe damage induces distractibility, impulsivity, and perseveration because of damage to an inhibitory mechanism. However, with the exception of the motor domain, the notion of an active inhibitory process underlying cognitive control has been heavily challenged. Alternative explanations have been provided that explain cognitive control without recourse to inhibition as concept, mechanism, or theory. This article examines the role that neuroscience can play when examining whether the psychological concept of active inhibition can be meaningfully applied in cognitive control research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Psychol.
                Title: Frontiers in Psychology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-1078
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 September 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2191
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin, China
                [2] 2Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin, China
                [3] 3Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health , Tianjin, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Jorge Lopez-Castroman, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, France

                Reviewed by: Thibaut Dondaine, Université de Lille 2, France; Ni Ding, Beijing Normal University, China

                *Correspondence: Xia Wu, wuxia@ 123456tjnu.edu.cn

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

                This article was submitted to Psychopathology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02191
                PMC ID: 7490336
                PubMed ID: 32982887
                SO-VID: 855a7abc-c768-4e37-b5e2-25188527f499
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 Lin, Wang, Mo, Liu, Liu, Jiang, Bai and Wu.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 15 March 2020
                Date accepted : 04 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 10, Words: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809
                Categories
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: behavioral inhibitory control,erps,two-choice oddball paradigm,impulsivity,suicidal ideation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: behavioral inhibitory control, erps, two-choice oddball paradigm, impulsivity, suicidal ideation

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