Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Dairy Cattle and Non-symptomatic People for Routine Health Screening in Korea

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Abstract

We report results on the seroprevalence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in cattle and healthy people in Korea. Upon agreement with dairy owners, serum samples from 414 dairy cattle were collected between March and June 2001 and samples from 205 people for health screening were collected between April and December 2002. The sera were analyzed for the presence of anti- C. burnetii phase II antibodies using an indirect microimmunofluorescence test; strong fluorescence at a 1:32 dilution was regarded as positive. The overall seroprevalence of C. burnetii in cattle in Korea was 25.6%, with regional variation from 8.9 to 59.3%. Of the positive serum samples, 75.5% had antibody titers ≥1:256. By contrast, only 1.5% of people in a rural area were seropositive, and most of the positive samples had low antibody titers. In conclusion, this study showed that relatively high seropositivity of C. burnetii in dairy cattle, accordingly, the studies on the high-risk groups are needed to evaluate the seroprevalence for this organism in Korea.

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Epidemiologic features and clinical presentation of acute Q fever in hospitalized patients: 323 French cases.

HervéTissot Dupont, Didier Raoult, Philippe Brouqui … (1992)

To contribute to the knowledge of epidemiologic and clinical features of patients hospitalized with Q fever in France. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 22,496 sera submitted between 1982 and 1990 to the French National Reference Center for Rickettsial Diseases (NRC). The diagnosis of acute Q fever was based on an IgG titer greater than or equal to 1:200 and an IgM titer greater than or equal to 1:25 against phase II Coxiella burnetii antigen on an indirect immunofluorescence test (IFA). Fifteen cases prior to 1985 were diagnosed on the basis of a complement fixation titer greater than or equal to 1:8. A serosurvey of blood donors from Marseille was also conducted in 1988 on 924 sera, using IFA with a cutoff titer of 1:25. The serosurvey conducted in 1988 showed a seroprevalence of 4.03%, without age or sex prediction. The incidence rate of acute Q fever detection at the NRC was 0.58 per 100,000 inhabitants over the 9-year period. Three hundred twenty-three clinical cases were diagnosed, rising from 1 in 1982 to 107 in 1990. In patients hospitalized for acute Q fever, there was a significantly higher sex ratio of males to females (2.3), which, coupled with the age distribution, indicated that elder males, who are overrepresented due to our recruitment bias, are more susceptible to C. burnetii infections. The mean age of the patients was 45.5 years, while the risk was increased in the 30 to 39 age group as well as in the 60 to 69 age group. Usual epidemiologic risk factors were found in 20.1% of the cases. Hepatitis (61.9%) was a more common clinical presentation in our patients with Q fever than pneumonia (45.8%). This might reflect differences in strains of C. burnetii or the biology of the host. However, French farmers and stock breeders commonly drink unpasteurized raw milk from their cattle, which might indicate a relationship between hepatitis and infection via the digestive tract. Our results indicate that many cases of acute Q fever are undiagnosed. A greater awareness of the disease and more extensive serologic testing of patients with symptoms compatible with Q fever may improve the situation.

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Q fever is absent from New Zealand.

J Kazár, J Penrose, F Hilbink … (1993)

To investigate the presence of Coxiella burnetii in sheep and cattle, the two major ruminant populations of New Zealand, its seroprevalence was determined in aborting cattle and sheepdogs. These groups of animals were chosen because of their accessibility and the fact that they would be good indicators for the presence of the organism. A total of 2181 bovine and 12,556 canine samples were all seronegative. On the basis of these results and previous reports it is argued that New Zealand is free of coxiellosis or Q fever.

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Causes of caprine abortion: diagnostic assessment of 211 cases (1991-1998).

Jackson Moeller (2001)

In an 8-year period, 1991-1998, 217 accessions of caprine abortions were submitted to the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System. Of these 217 submissions, 211 were suitable for examination in this study (6 had insufficient data). Infectious agents as the cause of abortions were found in 37% of the cases: bacterial agents were identified in 30.5%, viral agents in 2%, fungal agents in 0.5%, and protozoal agents in 4% of the cases submitted. The most common causes of abortions were Chlamydia psittaci and Coxiella burnetii infection, which accounted for 23% of all goat abortions. Mineral deficiencies were observed in 4%, fetal anomalies accounted for 3%, and leukoencephalomalacia of the brain (probable oxygen deprivation) accounted for 3% of the submissions. No diagnosis was made in 112 of the 211 submissions (53%). No lesions were noted in 104 of the submissions (49%). The other 8 submissions (4%) had histologic lesions suggestive of a bacterial agent; however, no infectious agents were identified in these cases.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Korean Med Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JKMS

Title: Journal of Korean Medical Science

Publisher: The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 1011-8934

ISSN (Electronic): 1598-6357

Publication date (Print): October 2006

Publication date (Electronic): 31 October 2006

Volume: 21

Issue: 5

Pages: 823-826

Affiliations

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.

[* ]Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Resources Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea.

[† ]Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

[‡ ]Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea.

[§ ]Department of Virology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.

[∥ ]Clinical Research Institute of Kangwon National University Hospital, Chunchon, Korea.

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Seung-Joon Lee, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja 2-dong, Chunchon 200-701, Korea. Tel: +82.33-258-2456, Fax: +82.33-258-2455, medfman@ 123456kangwon.ac.kr

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DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.5.823

PMC ID: 2721990

PubMed ID: 17043413

SO-VID: 84246fc1-4df6-41ac-9087-eb08b297f950

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Dairy Cattle and Non-symptomatic People for Routine Health Screening in Korea

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Most cited references 20

Epidemiologic features and clinical presentation of acute Q fever in hospitalized patients: 323 French cases.

Q fever is absent from New Zealand.

Causes of caprine abortion: diagnostic assessment of 211 cases (1991-1998).

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