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      El empleo de medicina natural en el control de enfermedades de organismos acuáticos y potencialidades de uso en Cuba y México Translated title: The use of natural medicine in the control of aquatic organism diseases and the potentiality of its utilization in Cuba and Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen Se revisaron los trabajos científicos sobre la utilización de herbolaria medicinal en especies acuáticas de 1988 al 2004, tanto de la investigación en el área del Caribe como en México, y se comparó la literatura científica entre sí para respaldar el tema. El efecto terapéutico y profiláctico de por lo menos 40 productos vegetales en especies acuáticas, tanto de consumo como de ornato, está probado y validado con los estudios experimentales hechos por grupos de investigadores en varios países, y existen aproximadamente otros 30 más cuyo potencial terapéutico para la acuicultura está en vías de prueba. La mayor parte de las plantas son comunes a los países tropicales y subtropicales y actualmente ya existen marcas registradas que están comercializando productos para el control de enfermedades infecciosas o invasivas en peces y camarones tanto en Japón como en México.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Several medicinal plants that are used for the treatment of fish and shrimp diseases are describer. The information is from different documents from Cuba, México and other countries. The therapeutic and prophylactic effects on aquatic edible and ornamental species of at least 40 vegetable products have already been proved and validated thanks to numerous experimental studies. At present about 30 studies are under research, so the potential benefits for aquaculture are great. Most of the plants are common in tropical and subtropical countries, but there are also some trademarks which have already commercialized in Mexico and Japan.

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          Most cited references30

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          Antimicrobial and chemopreventive properties of herbs and spices.

          Herbs and spices have been used for generations by humans as food and to treat ailments. Scientific evidence is accumulating that many of these herbs and spices do have medicinal properties that alleviate symptoms or prevent disease. A growing body of research has demonstrated that the commonly used herbs and spices such as garlic, black cumin, cloves, cinnamon, thyme, allspices, bay leaves, mustard, and rosemary, possess antimicrobial properties that, in some cases, can be used therapeutically. Other spices, such as saffron, a food colorant; turmeric, a yellow colored spice; tea, either green or black, and flaxseed do contain potent phytochemicals, including carotenoids, curcumins, catechins, lignan respectively, which provide significant protection against cancer. This review discusses recent data on the antimicrobial and chemopreventive activities of some herbs and spices and their ingredients.
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            Inactivation of enveloped viruses by anthraquinones extracted from plants.

            To determine the extent of antiviral activity present in a number of plant extracts, hot glycerin extracts were prepared from Rheum officinale, Aloe barbadensis, Rhamnus frangula, Rhamnus purshianus, and Cassia angustifolia and their virucidal effects were tested against herpes simplex virus type 1. All the plant extracts inactivated the virus. The active components in these plants were separated by thin-layer chromatography and identified as anthraquinones. A purified sample of aloe emodin was prepared from aloin, and its effects on the infectivity of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, varicella-zoster virus, pseudorabies virus, influenza virus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus were tested by mixing virus with dilutions of aloe emodin for 15 min at 37 degrees C, immediately diluting the sample, and assaying the amount of infectious virus remaining in the sample. The results showed that aloe emodin inactivated all of the viruses tested except adenovirus and rhinovirus. Electron microscopic examination of anthraquinone-treated herpes simplex virus demonstrated that the envelopes were partially disrupted. These results show that anthraquinones extracted from a variety of plants are directly virucidal to enveloped viruses.
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              In vitro antiviral activity of the anthraquinone chrysophanic acid against poliovirus.

              Chrysophanic acid (1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), isolated from the Australian Aboriginal medicinal plant Dianella longifolia, has been found to inhibit the replication of poliovirus types 2 and 3 (Picornaviridae) in vitro. The compound inhibited poliovirus-induced cytopathic effects in BGM (Buffalo green monkey) kidney cells at a 50% effective concentration of 0.21 and 0.02 microgram/ml for poliovirus types 2 and 3, respectively. The compound inhibited an early stage in the viral replication cycle, but did not have an irreversible virucidal effect on poliovirus particles. Chrysophanic acid did not have significant antiviral activity against five other viruses tested: Coxsackievirus types A21 and B4, human rhinovirus type 2 (Picornaviridae), and the enveloped viruses Ross River virus (Togaviridae) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (Herpesviridae). Four structurally-related anthraquinones--rhein, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone, emodin and aloe-emodin were also tested for activity against poliovirus type 3. None of the four compounds was as active as chrysophanic acid against the virus. The results suggested that two hydrophobic positions on the chrysophanic acid molecule (C-6 and the methyl group attached to C-3) were important for the compound's activity against poliovirus.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                tip
                TIP. Revista especializada en ciencias químico-biológicas
                TIP
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Plantel Zaragoza (México, DF, Mexico )
                1405-888X
                2005
                : 8
                : 1
                : 38-49
                Affiliations
                [1] La Habana orgname Cuba adela_prieto@ 123456yahoo.com
                [3] orgnameAcuario Nacional de Cuba Cuba
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Mexico ana_auroangulo@ 123456yahoo.com.mx
                [4] orgnameJardín Zoológico de la Habana Cuba
                Article
                S1405-888X2005000100038
                8301a89b-2007-430a-8b2b-213816f4a0b7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 February 2005
                : 06 June 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Mexico


                Camarones,Cuba,herbolaria medicinal,México,peces,Shrimp,medicinal plant,fish

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