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      A funcionalidade e incapacidade na velhice: ficar ou não ficar quieto Translated title: Functionality and disability in old age: to stay still or not to stay still Translated title: Funcionalidad y discapacidad en la vejez: moverse o no moverse

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar como idosos residentes na comunidade de Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil, lidam com a perspectiva da incapacidade/funcionalidade na velhice, bem como compreender de que forma o contexto sociocultural modula esse processo. Trata-se de abordagem qualitativa, na qual o modelo de signos, significados e ações foi utilizado na coleta e análise dos dados. Foram entrevistados 57 idosos com idades entre 61 e 96 anos, cadastrados nas seis unidades básicas de saúde de Bambuí. “Ficar ou não ficar quieto” é a dúvida que subjaz ao processo de funcionalidade e incapacidade na velhice; todavia, não se trata de uma questão de escolha individual, pois a resposta depende dos recursos financeiros, intelectuais, subjetivos e de apoio social disponível. Além disso, ficar quieto reflete uma concepção de velhice inexoravelmente associada à incapacidade, deixando os idosos conformados com sua condição, de modo que, quando as dificuldades aumentam, resta-lhes somente “esperar a morte chegar”. As equipes de saúde precisam interferir nessa concepção, oferecendo cuidado aos idosos na sua recuperação até o fim da vida.

          Translated abstract

          The goals of this study were to identify how community-dwelling elderly deal with the prospect of disability/functionality and to understand how the sociocultural context modulates this process. The study adopted a qualitative approach in which the signs, meanings, and actions model was used in the data collection and analysis. The study interviewed 57 elders ranging from 61 to 96 years of age and enrolled in the six primary health units in Bambuí, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. “To stay still or not to stay still” is the underlying question in functioning and disability in old age. However, staying still is not a matter of individual choice, because the answer depends on the elder’s financial, intellectual, and subjective resources and available social support. Staying still also implies a concept of old age inexorably associated with disability, leaving the elderly resigned to their condition; when difficulties increase, their only choice is to “wait for death”. Health teams need to interfere in this concept, providing care to older people during their recovery and until the end of life.

          Translated abstract

          El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar cómo los ancianos residentes en la comunidad se ocupan de la perspectiva de la funcionalidad/discapacidad en la vejez, así como entender de qué forma el contexto sociocultural modula este proceso. Se trata de un abordaje cualitativo, en el cual el modelo de signos, significados y acciones se utilizó en la reunión y análisis de los datos. Se entrevistaron a 57 ancianos con edades entre 61 y 96 años, registrados en las Unidades Básicas de Salud en Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil. “Moverse o no moverse” es la cuestión que subyace a la movilidad y discapacidad en el proceso de la vejez. Sin embargo, no es una cuestión de elección individual, porque la respuesta depende de los recursos de apoyo financiero, intelectuales, subjetivos y sociales disponibles. Además, no moverse (estarse quieto) refleja una concepción de la vejez inexorablemente asociada a la discapacidad, que deja a las personas de edad conformándose con su condición física y cuando las dificultades aumentan, ellos sólo “esperan la llegada de la muerte”. Los equipos de salud tienen que intervenir para prevenir esta concepción sobre la condición física en la tercera edad.

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          A interpretação das culturas

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            Disease and illness. Distinctions between professional and popular ideas of sickness.

            The dysfunctional consequences of the Cartesian dichotomy have been enhanced by the power of biomedical technology. Technical virtuosity reifies the mechanical model and widens the gap between what patients seek and doctors provide. Patients suffer "illnesses"; doctors diagnose and treat "diseases". Illnesses are experiences of discontinuities in states of being and perceived role performances. Diseases, in the scientific paradigm of modern medicine, are abnormalities in the function and/or structure of body organs and systems. Traditional healers also redefine illness as disease: because they share symbols and metaphors consonant with lay beliefs, their healing rituals are more responsive to the psychosocial context of illness. Psychiatric disorders offer an illuminating perspective on the basic medical dilemma. The paradigms for psychiatric practice include multiple and ostensibly contradictory models: organic, psychodynamic, behavioural and social. This mélange of concepts stems from the fact that the fundamental manifestations of psychosis are disordered behaviours. The psychotic patient remains a person; his self-concept and relationships with others are central to the therapeutic encounter, whatever pharmacological adjuncts are employed. The same truths hold for all patients. The social matrix determines when and how the patient seeks what kind of help, his "compliance" with the recommended regimen and, to a significant extent, the functional outcome. When physicians dismiss illness because ascertainable "disease" is absent, they fail to meet their socially assigned responsibility. It is essential to reintegrate "scientific" and "social" concepts of disease and illness as a basis for a functional system of medical research and care.
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              As classes sociais e o corpo

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                July 2015
                : 31
                : 7
                : 1451-1459
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                [2 ] Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2015000701451
                10.1590/0102-311X00046014
                824aa640-0d3d-48c5-994d-2425a70bc2ac

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Aged,Health of the Elderly,Anthropology,Anciano,Salud del Anciano,Antropología,Idoso,Saúde do Idoso,Antropologia

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