Polymeric composite materials for radiation shielding: a review

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Abstract

The rising use of radioactive elements is increasing radioactive pollution and calling for advanced materials to protect individuals. For instance, polymers are promising due to their mechanical, electrical, thermal, and multifunctional properties. Moreover, composites made of polymers and high atomic number fillers should allow to obtain material with low-weight, good flexibility, and good processability. Here we review the synthesis of polymer materials for radiation protection, with focus on the role of the nanofillers. We discuss the effectivness of polymeric materials for the absorption of fast neutrons. We also present the recycling of polymers into composites.

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Most cited references 217

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Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials

Michael Alexandre, Philippe Dubois (2000)

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Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities.

Jefferson L Hopewell, Robert Dvorak, Edward Kosior (2009)

Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight and durable materials, which can readily be moulded into a variety of products that find use in a wide range of applications. As a consequence, the production of plastics has increased markedly over the last 60 years. However, current levels of their usage and disposal generate several environmental problems. Around 4 per cent of world oil and gas production, a non-renewable resource, is used as feedstock for plastics and a further 3-4% is expended to provide energy for their manufacture. A major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable items of packaging or other short-lived products that are discarded within a year of manufacture. These two observations alone indicate that our current use of plastics is not sustainable. In addition, because of the durability of the polymers involved, substantial quantities of discarded end-of-life plastics are accumulating as debris in landfills and in natural habitats worldwide. Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts and represents one of the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today. Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste requiring disposal. Here, we briefly set recycling into context against other waste-reduction strategies, namely reduction in material use through downgauging or product reuse, the use of alternative biodegradable materials and energy recovery as fuel. While plastics have been recycled since the 1970s, the quantities that are recycled vary geographically, according to plastic type and application. Recycling of packaging materials has seen rapid expansion over the last decades in a number of countries. Advances in technologies and systems for the collection, sorting and reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities for recycling, and with the combined actions of the public, industry and governments it may be possible to divert the majority of plastic waste from landfills to recycling over the next decades.

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Current development of biodegradable polymeric materials for biomedical applications

Richard J Song, Maxwell Murphy, Chenshuang Li … (2018)

In the last half-century, the development of biodegradable polymeric materials for biomedical applications has advanced significantly. Biodegradable polymeric materials are favored in the development of therapeutic devices, including temporary implants and three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering. Further advancements have occurred in the utilization of biodegradable polymeric materials for pharmacological applications such as delivery vehicles for controlled/sustained drug release. These applications require particular physicochemical, biological, and degradation properties of the materials to deliver effective therapy. As a result, a wide range of natural or synthetic polymers able to undergo hydrolytic or enzymatic degradation is being studied for biomedical applications. This review outlines the current development of biodegradable natural and synthetic polymeric materials for various biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, temporary implants, wound healing, and drug delivery.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Chaitali V. More:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-6436

chaitalimore89@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Environ Chem Lett

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Environ Chem Lett

Title: Environmental Chemistry Letters

Publisher: Springer International Publishing (Cham )

ISSN (Print): 1610-3653

ISSN (Electronic): 1610-3661

Publication date (Electronic): 3 February 2021

Pages: 1-34

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.412084.b, ISNI 0000 0001 0700 1709, Department of Physics, , Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, ; Aurangabad, MS India

[2 ]GRID grid.18112.3b, ISNI 0000 0000 9884 2169, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, , Beirut Arab University, ; Beirut, Lebanon

[3 ]GRID grid.442603.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0377 4159, Department of Medical Equipment Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, , Pharos University in Alexandria, ; Alexandria, Egypt

Author information

Chaitali V. More http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-6436

Article

Publisher ID: 1189

DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01189-9

PMC ID: 7857349

PubMed ID: 33558806

SO-VID: 821d6477-1534-435c-af18-021d31acb548

License:

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

History

Date received : 24 October 2020

Date accepted : 19 January 2021

Funding

Funded by: Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Research Training and Human Development Institute (SARTHI), Pune (Govt. of Maharashtra, India)

Polymeric composite materials for radiation shielding: a review

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Geosystems and Geoenvironment

Most cited references 217

Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials

Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities.

Current development of biodegradable polymeric materials for biomedical applications

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