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      Epidemiology of keratoconus

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      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
      Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
      Keywords: Epidemiology, keratoconus, prevalence

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          Abstract

          Prevalence of keratoconus is variable in different parts of the world. Environmental and ethnic factors and the cohort of patients selected for such studies may explain the wide variation in the reported rates. Family history, gender differences, asymmetry in the two eyes, association with ocular rubbing, and natural history of disease are discussed.

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          Baseline findings in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study.

          Julie Jameson, K Zadnik, David J. Sterling … (1998)
          To describe the baseline findings in patients enrolled in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study. This is a longitudinal observational study of 1209 patients with keratoconus enrolled at 16 clinical centers. Its main outcome measures are corneal scarring, visual acuity, keratometry, and quality of life. The CLEK Study patients had a mean age of 39.29+/-10.90 years with moderate to severe disease, assessed by a keratometric-based criterion (95.4% of patients had steep keratometric readings of at least 45 D) and relatively good visual acuity (77.9% had best corrected visual acuity of at least 20/40 in both eyes). Sixty-five percent of the patients wore rigid gas-permeable contact lens, and most of those (73%) reported that their lenses were comfortable. Only 13.5% of patients reported a family history of keratoconus. None reported serious systemic diseases that had been previously reported to be associated with keratoconus. Many (53%) reported a history of atopy. Fifty-three percent had corneal scarring in one or both eyes. Baseline findings suggest that keratoconus is not associated with increased risk of connective tissue disease and that most patients in the CLEK Study sample represent mild to moderate keratoconus. Additional follow-up of at least 3 years will provide new information about the progression of keratoconus, identify factors associated with progression, and assess its impact on quality of life.
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            Prevalence and associations of keratoconus in rural maharashtra in central India: the central India eye and medical study.

            Jost Jonas, Vinay Nangia, Arshia Matin … (2009)
            To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of keratoconus in the adult Indian population. Population-based study. The Central India Eye and Medical Study is a population-based study performed in a rural region close to Nagpur in Central India. It included 4,711 subjects (aged 30 years and above) out of 5,885 eligible subjects (response rate, 80.1%). The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic and medical examination. This study was focused on the prevalence of keratoconus, defined as an anterior corneal refractive power exceeding 48 diopters (D). Out of the 4,711 subjects, corneal refractive power measurements were available for 4,667 subjects (99.1%). Keratoconus was detected in 212 eyes (2.3%) of 128 subjects (prevalence rate, 2.3% +/- 0.2%). In multivariate analysis, the presence of keratoconus was significantly associated with lower body height (P or =49 D or of > or =50 D, a keratoconus was detected in 58 eyes (0.6%) and 10 eyes (0.1%), respectively. Keratoconus defined as corneal refractive power of 48+ D has a prevalence of 2.3% +/- 0.2% among Indians aged 30 years and above and living in the rural region of Central India. The prevalence of keratoconus was associated with lower body height, lower level of education, myopic refractive error, and thinner central cornea.
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              Does ethnic origin influence the incidence or severity of keratoconus?

              B Soneji, J. Smith, N Sarvananthan … (2000)
              Keratoconus affects all races, yet very little information exists as to the relative frequency in patients of different ethnic origin. We aimed to establish the incidence and severity of keratoconus in Asian and white patients. The hospital records of the ophthalmology department of a large Midlands hospital with a catchment population of approximately 900,000 (87% white, 11% Asian, 2% other) were examined retrospectively for the 10 year period from 1989 to 1998. For the age group 10-44 years the prevalence of keratoconus in Asians and whites was 229 and 57 per 100,000 respectively, a relative prevalence of 4 to 1. The incidence of keratoconus in the same age group was 19.6 and 4.5 per 100,000 per year respectively, a relative incidence of 4.4 to 1. Asians were significantly younger at presentation compared with whites (mean 22.3 +/- 6.5 vs 26.5 +/- 8.5 years, p < 0.0001). A first corneal graft was carried out on 14% of the Asian and 15% of the white patients. Of those having grafts, Asians were significantly younger than white patients at the time of diagnosis (mean 19.1 +/- 4.8 vs 25.7 +/- 7.3 years, p = 0.005) and at operation (mean 21.4 +/- 5.0 vs 28.7 +/- 7.7 years, p = 0.004). The interval from diagnosis to operation, though shorter for Asians, was not significantly different (mean 1.8 +/- 1.4 vs 2.5 +/- 1.7 years, p = 0.2). The results show previously unrecognised racial differences in the hospital presentation of keratoconus in the UK. Compared with white patients, Asians have a fourfold increase in incidence, are younger at presentation and require corneal grafting at an earlier age.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Ophthalmol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian J Ophthalmol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJO
                Title: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0301-4738
                ISSN (Electronic): 1998-3689
                Publication date (Print): August 2013
                Volume: 61
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 382-383
                Affiliations
                [1]Gokhale Eye Hospital and Eyebank, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Dr. Nikhil S. Gokhale, Gokhale Eye Hospital and Eyebank, Anant building, Gokhale Road (S), Dadar West, Mumbai - 400 028, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: nikgokhale@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJO-61-382
                DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.116054
                PMC ID: 3775068
                PubMed ID: 23925318
                SO-VID: 81bb30f6-8c4c-4467-86c5-39defeddbba8
                Copyright © Copyright: © Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 16 May 2013
                Date accepted : 04 July 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Symposium: Keratoconus

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Ophthalmology & Optometry
                Keywords: epidemiology,keratoconus,prevalence
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Ophthalmology & Optometry
                Keywords: epidemiology, keratoconus, prevalence

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