Velocidade/aceleração temporal e infecções emergentes: epidemiologia e tempo social <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Speed/temporal acceleration and emerging infections: epidemiology and social time </span>

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Abstract

O texto é uma abordagem sobre epidemiologia e tempo social, tendo como objetivo argumentar sobre a importância do ponto de vista do tempo para a epidemiologia. O tempo é um elemento pouco refletido teoricamente pela disciplina, embora participe de seus conceitos principais. Com a utilização de aportes da história e da geografia, são apresentadas notas históricas sobre o tempo social imposto pelo capitalismo globalizado e suas implicações na saúde das populações humanas. A velocidade/ aceleração temporal das sociedades contemporâneas e suas relações com as infecções emergentes é discutida. Ao final, são desenvolvidas algumas considerações críticas sobre os conceitos de tempo social e um provável tempo epidemiológico.

Translated abstract

In an examination of epidemiology and social time, this paper argues that the time perspective should he an important consideration within epidemiology. 'Time' is an element to which this field devotes little theoretical attention, although it is present as a pan of epidemiology's main concepts. Drawing from history and geography, the text offers historical notes on social time as imposed by globalized capitalism and its implications regarding the health of human populations. The speed/temporal acceleration of contemporary societies and their relationships to emerging infections is discussed. Lastly, the paper presents some critical considerations regarding the concepts of social time and of a probable epidemio logical time.

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Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases.

S. S. Morse (1995)

"Emerging" infectious diseases can be defined as infections that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. Among recent examples are HIV/AIDS, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Lyme disease, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (a foodborne infection caused by certain strains of Escherichia coli). Specific factors precipitating disease emergence can be identified in virtually all cases. These include ecological, environmental, or demographic factors that place people at increased contact with a previously unfamiliar microbe or its natural host or promote dissemination. These factors are increasing in prevalence; this increase, together with the ongoing evolution of viral and microbial variants and selection for drug resistance, suggests that infections will continue to emerge and probably increase and emphasizes the urgent need for effective surveillance and control. Dr. David Satcher's article and this overview inaugurate Perspectives, a regular section in this journal intended to present and develop unifying concepts and strategies for considering emerging infections and their underlying factors. The editors welcome, as contributions to the Perspectives section, overviews, syntheses, and case studies that shed light on how and why infections emerge, and how they may be anticipated and prevented.