For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
26
views
88
references
 Top references
cited by
34
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      419
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Review of ultrasonography of malignant neck nodes: greyscale, Doppler, contrast enhancement and elastography

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Assessment of neck lymph nodes is essential in patients with head and neck cancers for predicting the patient’s prognosis and selecting the appropriate treatment. Ultrasonography is a useful imaging tool in the assessment of neck lymph nodes. Greyscale ultrasonography assesses the size, distribution, and internal architecture of lymph nodes. Doppler ultrasonography evaluates the intranodal vascular pattern and resistance of lymph nodes. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography provides information on lymph node parenchymal perfusion. Elastography allows qualitative and quantitative assessment of lymph node stiffness. This article reviews the value of greyscale, Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography as well as elastography in the assessment of malignant nodes in the neck.

          Related collections

          Most cited references88

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Detection of metastasis in cervical lymph nodes: CT and MR criteria and differential diagnosis.

          P. M. Som (1992)
          Radiologists are frequently asked to evaluate cervical lymph nodes with CT or MR imaging to determine if metastases are present, how extensive the metastases are, and if they have spread from lymph nodes to critical adjacent structures such as the carotid artery and skull base. Accurate information of this type is essential if the most appropriate treatment is to be selected. The purpose of this report is to review the diagnostic criteria that are currently used with CT and MR imaging to diagnose metastases in cervical nodes by evaluating nodal size, shape, grouping, and necrosis and extranodal tumor spread. In addition, emphasis is placed on details that should be included in the CT and MR report, such as the location of the nodes, the presence of nodal calcification, and the presence of associated diseases such as parotid cysts that may suggest a specific diagnosis like HIV infection. Because optimal treatment planning depends on the combined information gleaned from the clinical evaluation and the imaging studies, it is essential that there be a close dialogue between clinicians and radiologists.
          Article 0 comments Cited 58 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Differentiation of benign from malignant superficial lymphadenopathy: the role of high-resolution US.

            P Vassallo-Agius, Arnout N Roos, K Wernecke … (1992)
            Ultrasonography has proved a valuable tool for the detection of enlarged lymph nodes; however, differentiation between benign and malignant nodal disease remains a problem. High-frequency probes with improved spatial and contrast resolution display superficial nodes to advantage and also show the internal structure of the nodes. Ninety-four superficial nodes in patients with suspected nodal disease were examined by using 7.5-MHz probes to evaluate longitudinal-transverse diameter ratio (L/T), the central hilus, cortical widening, and size. Histologic diagnosis was obtained after sonographic examination in 73 nodes (five reactive nodes, 35 primary nodal malignancies, and 33 nodal metastases). The remaining 21 nodes regressed after either antibiotic or no therapy. Marked differences were observed among the proportions of benign and malignant nodes in terms of L/T, hilus, and cortex; the latter two structures, however, must be interpreted together. Eccentric cortical widening was seen in only malignant nodes. The distribution of nodal size was not significantly (P greater than .1) different for benign and malignant nodes. No differences were observed between primary and secondary nodal malignancies. The sonographic criteria evaluated in this study assist in the differentiation of benign from malignant superficial lymph nodes.
            Article 0 comments Cited 57 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Accuracy of sonographic elastography in the differential diagnosis of enlarged cervical lymph nodes: comparison with conventional B-mode sonography.

              Toshihiro Tachikake, Jun Horiguchi, Kumiko Naito … (2008)
              The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of sonographic elastography and B-mode sonography individually and combined in the differentiation of reactively and metastatically enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Eighty-five lymph nodes (metastatic, n = 53; reactive, n = 32) from 37 patients were examined by both elastography and B-mode sonography in this prospective study. Elastographic patterns were determined on the distribution and percentage of the lymph node area with high elasticity (hard), with pattern 1 being an absent or very small hard area to pattern 5, a hard area occupying the entire lymph node. The cutoff line for reactive versus metastatic was set between patterns 2 and 3; patterns 3-5 were considered metastatic. B-mode sonographic diagnosis was based on the sum of scores for five criteria: short-axis diameter, shape, border (regular or irregular), echogenicity (homogeneous or inhomogeneous), and hilum (present or absent). The cutoff line for reactive versus metastatic was set between scores 6 and 7; scores 5 and 6 were considered reactive, and scores 7-10, metastatic. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of B-mode sonography were 98%, 59%, and 84%, respectively; 83%, 100%, and 89% for elastography; and 92%, 94%, and 93% for the combined evaluation. The combination of highly specific elastography with highly sensitive conventional B-mode sonography has the potential to further improve the diagnosis of metastatic enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 55 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cancer Imaging
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cancer Imaging
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CI
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Cancer Imaging
                Title: Cancer Imaging
                Publisher: e-Med
                ISSN (Print): 1740-5025
                ISSN (Electronic): 1470-7330
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 January 2014
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 658-669
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; bDepartment of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
                Author notes
                Corresponding address: Dr Anil T. Ahuja, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China. Email: aniltahuja@ 123456cuhk.edu.hk
                Article
                Publisher ID: ci130056
                DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2013.0056
                PMC ID: 3894696
                PubMed ID: 24434158
                SO-VID: 8103cf69-db24-4bac-a88d-4efc668c588c
                Copyright © © 2013 International Cancer Imaging Society
                History
                Date accepted : 12 December 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: neck lymph nodes,ultrasonography,greyscale,doppler,contrast enhancement,elastography
                Data availability:
                Keywords: neck lymph nodes, ultrasonography, greyscale, doppler, contrast enhancement, elastography

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content419

                See all similar

                Cited by33

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors577

                See all reference authors