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      Role of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in lymph nodes

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          Abstract

          Diagnosing unclear lymph node (LN) enlargements in the mediastinum and abdomen is the most important indication of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-fine needle aspiration (FNA) after the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases. Investigating LNs in these areas can happen in different clinical settings. Mostly, it is the first modality in general LN diseases without any peripheral LN enlargements. On the other hand, it can be the question of LN involvement in a known or suspected primary tumor. Due to EUS-FNA cytology, those questions can be answered highly, accurately. However, a primary discrimination of LNs might be helpful to increase the diagnostic value of the FNA cytology, especially in cases with multiple LN enlargements and hard to reach enlarged LNs for example by vessel interposition. Because of the unreliability of B-mode criteria, further diagnostic improvements such as elastography and contrast-enhanced EUS are investigated to increase the accuracy of the initial diagnosis.

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          EFSUMB guidelines and recommendations on the clinical use of ultrasound elastography. Part 1: Basic principles and technology.

          J. Bamber, D. Cosgrove, C Dietrich … (2013)
          The technical part of these Guidelines and Recommendations, produced under the auspices of EFSUMB, provides an introduction to the physical principles and technology on which all forms of current commercially available ultrasound elastography are based. A difference in shear modulus is the common underlying physical mechanism that provides tissue contrast in all elastograms. The relationship between the alternative technologies is considered in terms of the method used to take advantage of this. The practical advantages and disadvantages associated with each of the techniques are described, and guidance is provided on optimisation of scanning technique, image display, image interpretation and some of the known image artefacts. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
          Article 0 comments Cited 258 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            WFUMB guidelines and recommendations for clinical use of ultrasound elastography: Part 1: basic principles and terminology.

            Tsuyoshi Shiina, Kathryn R Nightingale, Mark L Palmeri … (2015)
            Conventional diagnostic ultrasound images of the anatomy (as opposed to blood flow) reveal differences in the acoustic properties of soft tissues (mainly echogenicity but also, to some extent, attenuation), whereas ultrasound-based elasticity images are able to reveal the differences in the elastic properties of soft tissues (e.g., elasticity and viscosity). The benefit of elasticity imaging lies in the fact that many soft tissues can share similar ultrasonic echogenicities but may have different mechanical properties that can be used to clearly visualize normal anatomy and delineate pathologic lesions. Typically, all elasticity measurement and imaging methods introduce a mechanical excitation and monitor the resulting tissue response. Some of the most widely available commercial elasticity imaging methods are 'quasi-static' and use external tissue compression to generate images of the resulting tissue strain (or deformation). In addition, many manufacturers now provide shear wave imaging and measurement methods, which deliver stiffness images based upon the shear wave propagation speed. The goal of this review is to describe the fundamental physics and the associated terminology underlying these technologies. We have included a questions and answers section, an extensive appendix, and a glossary of terms in this manuscript. We have also endeavored to ensure that the terminology and descriptions, although not identical, are broadly compatible across the WFUMB and EFSUMB sets of guidelines on elastography (Bamber et al. 2013; Cosgrove et al. 2013).
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              The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Practice of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS): update 2011 on non-hepatic applications.

              F Piscaglia, C Nolsøe, C Dietrich … (2012)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Endosc Ultrasound
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Endosc Ultrasound
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EUS
                Title: Endoscopic Ultrasound
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2303-9027
                ISSN (Electronic): 2226-7190
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Feb 2017
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 4-11
                Affiliations
                [1]Medical Department, Helios Klinikum Meiningen, D-98617 Meiningen, Germany
                [1 ]Medical Department, Caritas-Krankenhaus, D-97980 Bad Mergentheim, Germany
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence Dr. Michael Hocke, Medical Department, Helios Klinikum Meiningen, Bergstr. 3, D-98617 Meiningen, Germany. E-mail: michaelhocke1@ 123456aol.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: EUS-6-4
                DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.190929
                PMC ID: 5331842
                PubMed ID: 28218194
                SO-VID: 2300a4ed-b67c-439e-b4c1-b8a698e29178
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2017 Spring Media Publishing Co. Ltd
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 17 January 2016
                Date accepted : 25 April 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: benign and malignant,contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound,discrimination,elastography,lymph node
                Data availability:
                Keywords: benign and malignant, contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound, discrimination, elastography, lymph node

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