2
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Emergency Medical Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a medical emergency that necessitates direct transfer to a tertiary referral center specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. The initial hours after aneurysmal rupture are critical for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, both in terms of rebleeding and combating the effect of early brain injury. No good treatment options are available to reduce the risk of rebleeding before aneurysm occlusion. Lowering the blood pressure may reduce the risk of rebleeding but carries a risk of inducing delayed cerebral ischemia or aggravating the consequences of early brain injury. Early brain injury after aneurysmal rupture has an important effect on final clinical outcome. Proper cerebral perfusion is pivotal in these initial hours after aneurysmal rupture but threatened by complications such as neurogenic pulmonary edema and cardiac stunning, or by acute hydrocephalus, which may necessitate early drainage of cerebrospinal fluid.

          Related collections

          Most cited references57

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/american Stroke Association.

          The aim of this guideline is to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). A formal literature search of MEDLINE (November 1, 2006, through May 1, 2010) was performed. Data were synthesized with the use of evidence tables. Writing group members met by teleconference to discuss data-derived recommendations. The American Heart Association Stroke Council's Levels of Evidence grading algorithm was used to grade each recommendation. The guideline draft was reviewed by 7 expert peer reviewers and by the members of the Stroke Council Leadership and Manuscript Oversight Committees. It is intended that this guideline be fully updated every 3 years. Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients presenting with aSAH. The focus of the guideline was subdivided into incidence, risk factors, prevention, natural history and outcome, diagnosis, prevention of rebleeding, surgical and endovascular repair of ruptured aneurysms, systems of care, anesthetic management during repair, management of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia, management of hydrocephalus, management of seizures, and management of medical complications. aSAH is a serious medical condition in which outcome can be dramatically impacted by early, aggressive, expert care. The guidelines offer a framework for goal-directed treatment of the patient with aSAH.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found

            European Stroke Organization Guidelines for the Management of Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

            Background: Intracranial aneurysm with and without subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a relevant health problem: The overall incidence is about 9 per 100,000 with a wide range, in some countries up to 20 per 100,000. Mortality rate with conservative treatment within the first months is 50–60%. About one third of patients left with an untreated aneurysm will die from recurrent bleeding within 6 months after recovering from the first bleeding. The prognosis is further influenced by vasospasm, hydrocephalus, delayed ischaemic deficit and other complications. The aim of these guidelines is to provide comprehensive recommendations on the management of SAH with and without aneurysm as well as on unruptured intracranial aneurysm. Methods: We performed an extensive literature search from 1960 to 2011 using Medline and Embase. Members of the writing group met in person and by teleconferences to discuss recommendations. Search results were graded according to the criteria of the European Federation of Neurological Societies. Members of the Guidelines Committee of the European Stroke Organization reviewed the guidelines. Results: These guidelines provide evidence-based information on epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis of SAH and recommendations on diagnostic and therapeutic methods of both ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Several risk factors of aneurysm growth and rupture have been identified. We provide recommendations on diagnostic work up, monitoring and general management (blood pressure, blood glucose, temperature, thromboprophylaxis, antiepileptic treatment, use of steroids). Specific therapeutic interventions consider timing of procedures, clipping and coiling. Complications such as hydrocephalus, vasospasm and delayed ischaemic deficit were covered. We also thought to add recommendations on SAH without aneurysm and on unruptured aneurysms. Conclusion: Ruptured intracranial aneurysm with a high rate of subsequent complications is a serious disease needing prompt treatment in centres having high quality of experience of treatment for these patients. These guidelines provide practical, evidence-based advice for the management of patients with intracranial aneurysm with or without rupture. Applying these measures can improve the prognosis of SAH.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Prognostic factors for outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

              The purpose of this study was to describe prognostic factors for outcome in a large series of patients undergoing neurosurgical clipping of aneurysms after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Data were analyzed from 3567 patients with aneurysmal SAH enrolled in 4 randomized clinical trials between 1991 and 1997. The primary outcome measure was the Glasgow outcome scale 3 months after SAH. Multivariable logistic regression with backwards selection and Cox proportional hazards regression models were derived to define independent predictors of unfavorable outcome. In multivariable analysis, unfavorable outcome was associated with increasing age, worsening neurological grade, ruptured posterior circulation aneurysm, larger aneurysm size, more SAH on admission computed tomography, intracerebral hematoma or intraventricular hemorrhage, elevated systolic blood pressure on admission, and previous diagnosis of hypertension, myocardial infarction, liver disease, or SAH. Variables present during hospitalization associated with poor outcome were temperature >38 degrees C 8 days after SAH, use of anticonvulsants, symptomatic vasospasm, and cerebral infarction. Use of prophylactic or therapeutic hypervolemia or prophylactic-induced hypertension were associated with a lower risk of unfavorable outcome. Time from admission to surgery was significant in some models. Factors that contributed most to variation in outcome, in descending order of importance, were cerebral infarction, neurological grade, age, temperature on day 8, intraventricular hemorrhage, vasospasm, SAH, intracerebral hematoma, and history of hypertension. Although most prognostic factors for outcome after SAH are present on admission and are not modifiable, a substantial contribution to outcome is made by factors developing after admission and which may be more easily influenced by treatment.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                M.D.I.Vergouwen@umcutrecht.nl
                Journal
                Neurocrit Care
                Neurocrit Care
                Neurocritical Care
                Springer US (New York )
                1541-6933
                1556-0961
                21 June 2023
                21 June 2023
                2023
                : 39
                : 1
                : 51-58
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.5477.1, ISNI 0000000120346234, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, , Utrecht University, ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
                Article
                1757
                10.1007/s12028-023-01757-7
                10499704
                37344653
                8069ec36-1c22-49ba-a877-a5e533c7c9f5
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 27 March 2023
                : 8 May 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002996, Hartstichting;
                Award ID: 2018T098
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Practice Guidance for the Neurocritical Care Management of SAH
                Custom metadata
                © Neurocritical Care Society and Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023

                Emergency medicine & Trauma
                subarachnoid hemorrhage,emergency care,cerebral edema,blood pressure hydrocephalus,seizures,hyperglycemia,pulmonary edema,takotsubo cardiomyopathy,antifibrinolytics

                Comments

                Comment on this article