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      Prevalence of short sleep duration and its association with obesity among adolescents 15- to 19-year olds: A cross-sectional study from three major cities in Saudi Arabia

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND:

          Adequate sleep has been considered important for the adolescent's health and well being. On the other hand, self-imposed sleep curtailment is now recognized as a potentially important and novel risk factor for obesity. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of short sleep duration and its association with obesity among Saudi adolescents.

          METHODS:

          This is a school-based cross-sectional study with self-reported sleep questionnaires. It was conducted during the years 2009/2010 in three cities in Saudi Arabia; Al-Khobar, Jeddah, and Riyadh. Participants were 2868 secondary-school males (1379) and females (1389) aged 15 to 19 years, randomly selected using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, BMI, and sleeping duration. Logistic regression analysis while adjusted for age, gender, and location was used to examine the associations between sleep duration and obesity measures.

          RESULTS:

          The mean (SD) of sleep duration was 7.2 (1.6) hours/day with no significant differences between males and females. About 31% of the participants obtain less than 7 hours of sleep per day, while approximately 50% of the sample gets less than 8 hours of daily sleep. Two-way ANCOVA results while controlling for the effect of age revealed a significant gender by school-type interaction ( P<0.001). In addition, adequate sleep duration increased the odds of having normal weight (adjusted odds ratios = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.08-1.50, P = 0.003).

          CONCLUSION:

          The present study observed a high prevalence of short sleep duration among Saudi adolescents 15- to 19-year olds and that short sleep duration was significantly associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity. Future interventions should investigate whether adopting a healthy lifestyle by adolescents with short sleep duration would improve their sleeping habits or not.

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          Is sleep duration associated with childhood obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Xiaoli Chen, May Beydoun, Youfa Wang (2008)
          Article 0 comments Cited 219 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A study of central fatness using waist-to-height ratios in UK children and adolescents over two decades supports the simple message--'keep your waist circumference to less than half your height'.

            H D McCarthy, M. Ashwell (2006)
            To examine the influence of age and gender on the waist:height ratio (WHTR) in children and to compare changes over time in WHTR, a measure of central fatness in British children. Representative cross-sectional surveys in 1977, 1987 and 1997. Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Survey 1: children aged 5-16 years measured in 1977 (boys) and 1987 (girls) (BSI, n=8135) and Survey 2: children aged 11-16 measured in 1997 (NDNS, n=773). From Survey 1, waist: height ratio related to age and sex and the proportion of children with a WHTR greater than 0.500 (a boundary value suggested for adults). From Survey 2, comparison of WHTR in children with that from Survey 1 and the actual proportion of children with a WHTR greater than 0.500 compared with the expected proportion using the survey 1 as reference. WHTR decreased with age (P<0.01 for trend), with the mean WHTR being significantly lower in girls (P<0.01). WHTR was significantly greater in children in Survey 2 compared with those measured 10 and 20 years earlier in Survey 1 (P<0.0001). The proportion of children where WHTR exceeded the 0.500 boundary value in Survey 2 was 17% of boys and 11.7% of girls (against 5.0 and 1.5%, respectively, in Survey 1, P<0.0001). The increase in WHTR in boys exceeded that in girls. Values of WHTR during the past 10-20 years have increased greatly showing that central fatness in children has risen dramatically. WHTR is more closely linked to childhood morbidity than body mass index (BMI) and we suggest it should be used as an additional or alternative measure to BMI in children as well as adults. A simple public health message that is the same for adults and children of both sexes and all ages could be stated as 'keep your waist circumference to less than half your height'.
            Article 0 comments Cited 174 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Evidence for the validity of a sleep habits survey for adolescents.

              Amy Wolfson, Mary Carskadon, Christine Acebo … (2003)
              To examine the validity of self-reported survey estimates of sleep patterns in adolescents through a comparison of retrospective survey descriptions of usual school- and weekend-night sleep habits with diary-reported sleep patterns and actigraphically estimated sleep behaviors over a subsequent week. High school students completed a Sleep Habits Survey about the previous 2 weeks and then wore an actigraph (AMI, Ardsley, NY) for 8 days while keeping a daily sleep diary. Matched-pair t tests assessed average differences between survey and diary reports and between survey and actigraph estimates. Pearson correlations assessed the extent to which survey reports were in agreement with diary reports and actigraphy estimates. 302 high school students (196 girls, 106 boys) in grades 9-12 from five high schools. School-night survey total sleep times and wake times did not differ from sleep amounts reported in the diary or estimated by actigraphy; survey bedtimes were slightly earlier. On weekends, survey total sleep times and wake times were longer and later, respectively, than estimated with actigraphy and reported on diaries. Moreover, school- and weekend-night survey variables were significantly correlated both with diary and actigraphy variables. Strengths of the associations were consistently greater for school-night variables than the corresponding weekend-night variables. The findings support the validity of the Sleep Habits Survey estimates in comparison with diary and actigraphy. Strengths and limitations for survey measures of high school students' usual sleep/wake patterns are discussed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 168 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ann Thorac Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ann Thorac Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ATM
                Title: Annals of Thoracic Medicine
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 1817-1737
                ISSN (Electronic): 1998-3557
                Publication date (Print): Jul-Sep 2012
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 133-139
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Pediatric Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [2 ] Scientific Boards, Obesity Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [3 ] Arab Center for Nutrition, Manama, Bahrain, and Nutrition and Health Studies Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
                [4 ] Director of School Health, Ministry of Education, Eastern Province, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [5 ] Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
                [6 ] Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Prof. Hazzaa Al-Hazzaa, Director, Pediatric Exercise Physiology Laboratory, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: alhazzaa@ 123456ksu.edu.sa
                Article
                Publisher ID: ATM-7-133
                DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.98845
                PMC ID: 3425044
                PubMed ID: 22924070
                SO-VID: 7edb2f31-1734-4490-8c53-1a22ceb5235a
                Copyright © Copyright: © Annals of Thoracic Medicine
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 17 December 2011
                Date accepted : 25 February 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: adolescents,sleep duration,waist circumference,saudi arabia,obesity
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: adolescents, sleep duration, waist circumference, saudi arabia, obesity

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