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      Melatonin-induced physiology and transcriptome changes in banana seedlings under salt stress conditions

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          Abstract

          Soil salinization poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and agricultural production and is one of the most common abiotic stresses in global agricultural production. As a salt-sensitive plant, the growth, development, and production of bananas ( Musa acuminata L.) are restricted by salt stress. Melatonin is known to improve the resistance of plants to stress. The study analyzed the effects of 100 μM melatonin on physiological and transcriptome changes in banana varieties (AAA group cv. Cavendish) under 60 mmol/l of NaCl salt stress situation. The phenotypic results showed that the application of exogenous melatonin could maintain banana plants’ health growth and alleviate the damage caused by salt stress. The physiological data show that the application of exogenous melatonin can enhance salt tolerance of banana seedlings by increasing the content of proline content and soluble protein, slowing down the degradation of chlorophyll, reducing membrane permeability and recovery of relative water content, increasing the accumulation of MDA, and enhancing antioxidant defense activity. Transcriptome sequencing showed that melatonin-induced salt tolerance of banana seedlings involved biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. We also found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, including amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. These major metabolism and biosynthesis may be involved in the potential mechanism of melatonin under salt stress. Furthermore, some members of the transcription factor family, such as MYB, NAC, bHLH, and WRKY, might contribute to melatonin alleviating salt stress tolerance of the banana plant. The result laid a basis for further clarifying the salt stress resistance mechanism of bananas mediated by exogenous melatonin and provides theoretical bases to utilize melatonin to improve banana salt tolerance in the future.

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          Differential expression analysis for sequence count data

          High-throughput sequencing assays such as RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq or barcode counting provide quantitative readouts in the form of count data. To infer differential signal in such data correctly and with good statistical power, estimation of data variability throughout the dynamic range and a suitable error model are required. We propose a method based on the negative binomial distribution, with variance and mean linked by local regression and present an implementation, DESeq, as an R/Bioconductor package.
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            Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method

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              Mechanisms of salinity tolerance.

              The physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance to osmotic and ionic components of salinity stress are reviewed at the cellular, organ, and whole-plant level. Plant growth responds to salinity in two phases: a rapid, osmotic phase that inhibits growth of young leaves, and a slower, ionic phase that accelerates senescence of mature leaves. Plant adaptations to salinity are of three distinct types: osmotic stress tolerance, Na(+) or Cl() exclusion, and the tolerance of tissue to accumulated Na(+) or Cl(). Our understanding of the role of the HKT gene family in Na(+) exclusion from leaves is increasing, as is the understanding of the molecular bases for many other transport processes at the cellular level. However, we have a limited molecular understanding of the overall control of Na(+) accumulation and of osmotic stress tolerance at the whole-plant level. Molecular genetics and functional genomics provide a new opportunity to synthesize molecular and physiological knowledge to improve the salinity tolerance of plants relevant to food production and environmental sustainability.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Plant Sci
                Front Plant Sci
                Front. Plant Sci.
                Frontiers in Plant Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-462X
                06 September 2022
                2022
                : 13
                : 938262
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou, China
                [2] 2Applied Science and Technology College, Hainan University , Haikou, China
                [3] 3Forestry College, Hainan University , Haikou, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui, University of Karachi, Pakistan

                Reviewed by: Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed, University of Karachi, Pakistan; Abdul Hameed, University of Karachi, Pakistan

                *Correspondence: Debing Liu, ldebing@ 123456126.com

                This article was submitted to Plant Abiotic Stress, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

                Article
                10.3389/fpls.2022.938262
                9485729
                36147243
                7e82aa89-838c-4a32-a351-865f9b6a9408
                Copyright © 2022 Wei, Liang, Liu, Liu, Liu and Wei.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 07 May 2022
                : 05 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 70, Pages: 16, Words: 10582
                Categories
                Plant Science
                Original Research

                Plant science & Botany
                melatonin,banana,physiological change,transcriptomic analysis,salinity
                Plant science & Botany
                melatonin, banana, physiological change, transcriptomic analysis, salinity

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