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      Migration, adaptation, innovation: The spread of Neolithic harvesting technologies in the Mediterranean

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          Abstract

          This article explores the changes that occurred in harvesting technology during the dispersal of the Neolithic in the Mediterranean basin. It does so through technological and use-wear analysis of flaked stone tools from archaeological sites dated between ca. 7000 and 5000 cal BCE, from the Aegean Sea to the westernmost coasts of Portugal. The main goal is to analyse the transformations that occurred in the harvesting toolkit. Our study reveals dynamics of continuity and change in sickles at a Mediterranean scale, resulting from adaptations of the migrant groups to the newly occupied territories and from processes of technological innovation. Adaptations in the production system of the inserts and in their use-pattern occurred in relation to lithic raw material availability and knappers’ skills, but also in relation to the scale of production and farming techniques. A major shift took place in the north-western Mediterranean arc with the diffusion of parallel-hafted inserts, probably as a result of heterogeneous phenomena including the diffusion of new groups, technical transfers, establishment of new interaction networks and new systems of lithic production.

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          The Optimal Design of Hunting Weapons: Maintainability or Reliability

          Design engineers share archaeologists' interest in material culture, but unlike archaeologists, engineers have developed concepts for determining the suitability of technical systems to perform specific tasks. Given the difficulty archaeologists face in developing theories of material culture, I suggest that guiding principles of engineering design offer potentially useful insights.
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            Migration in Archeology: The Baby and the Bathwater

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              Measuring the Rate of Spread of Early Farming in Europe

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                30 April 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 4
                : e0232455
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Archaeology of Social Dynamics (ASD), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institución Milá y Fontanals (IMF), Barcelona, Spain
                [2 ] Laboratory of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
                [3 ] UMR 5608, TRACES, CNRS / Université de Toulouse II-Le Mirail, Toulouse, France
                [4 ] Museo delle Civiltà / Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico ‘L. Pigorini’, Roma, Italia
                University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-3625
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-4170
                Article
                PONE-D-20-03490
                10.1371/journal.pone.0232455
                7192378
                32353046
                7e5841ea-3b1a-460b-b3cc-b891908a78ed
                © 2020 Mazzucco et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 7 February 2020
                : 15 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 0, Pages: 27
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions;
                Award ID: 792544
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010198, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España;
                Award ID: HAR2016-75201-P
                Award Recipient :
                This research is part of a Marie Sklodowska Curie Individual Fellowship (Grant Number 792544), “QUANT - A Quantitative Approach to Neolithic Plant-working Techniques: From Assessing Tool Use to Modelling Human Dispersals” (NM). Funding was also provided by the projects: “The Diffusion of the Neolithic: Agricultural Technologies and Innovations in the Central Mediterranean Area” (NM), funded by a postdoctoral grant by the Fyssen Foundation, “Le temps des moissons: l’arrivée des premières communautés d’agriculteurs en Méditerranée centrale” (NM), funded by the Maison de l’Archéologie & de l’Ethnologie, René-Ginouvés, “La difusión del neolítico en el Mediterráneo centro-occidental: agricultura, innovaciones tecnológicas y carbono 14, HAR2016-75201-P” (JFG), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and “Éxodo: Expansión y desarrollo del Neolítico en el mediterráneo central: tecnología y producción de alimentos en el asentamiento lacustre de la Marmotta (Roma, Italia) (JFG) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).
                Categories
                Research Article
                Earth Sciences
                Geology
                Geologic Time
                Stone Age
                Neolithic Period
                Social Sciences
                Anthropology
                Paleoanthropology
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Paleontology
                Paleoanthropology
                Earth Sciences
                Paleontology
                Paleoanthropology
                Social Sciences
                Anthropology
                Physical Anthropology
                Paleoanthropology
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physical Anthropology
                Paleoanthropology
                Social Sciences
                Archaeology
                Social Sciences
                Archaeology
                Archaeological Dating
                People and places
                Geographical locations
                Europe
                European Union
                Italy
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Materials
                Raw Materials
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Agriculture
                Agricultural Production
                Earth Sciences
                Geology
                Igneous Geology
                Volcanic Glass
                Obsidian
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

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