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      Estudo das representações sociais sobre gestação em mulheres bolivianas no contexto da atenção básica em saúde na área central da cidade de São Paulo Translated title: Study on social representations of pregnancy in bolivian women in the context of primary health care in the central area of the city of São Paulo

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          Abstract

          O processo imigratório dos bolivianos para o Brasil vem trazendo muitos questionamentos e necessidades de intervenção pelos serviços de saúde na cidade de São Paulo. As barreiras impostas pela cultura boliviana (como a linguagem) e o receio que os bolivianos têm pela situação de ilegalidade no país colocam aos serviços obstáculos no acesso à população. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é a compreensão das concepções das mulheres imigrantes bolivianas - que frequentam o Centro de Saúde Escola Barra Funda "Dr. Alexandre Vranjac" (CSEBF), na região central de São Paulo - sobre gestação, nos contextos: familiar, de adaptação como imigrantes e de espaço de construção da vida pessoal. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa de entrevistas que incluíram mulheres bolivianas gestantes maiores de 18 anos, matriculadas no CSEBF. Foram realizadas algumas visitas domiciliares junto às agentes comunitárias. Como resultado, obteve-se que as bolivianas praticam endogamia e seus parceiros são fixos. Na Bolívia, não procuravam o serviço de saúde. Notou-se um paradoxo no que diz respeito à gravidez e ao trabalho, pois dizem ter planejado a primeira gestação, embora concordem que o trabalho - principal motivo da imigração - seja prejudicado pela gestação, parto e maternidade. Quanto à prática de parto, as bolivianas desejam e acreditam que o parto normal seja melhor que a cesárea, o que diverge do posicionamento comum das mulheres brasileiras. Este estudo poderá contribuir com conhecimentos sobre as concepções de saúde, particularmente sobre a gravidez, e acredita-se que as práticas dos serviços possam ser melhoradas, ampliando-se a capacidade de organização para receber imigrantes bolivianos.

          Translated abstract

          The process of Bolivian immigration to Brazil has been bringing questions and the necessity of intervention through the Health Services in the city of São Paulo. The barriers that come with the Bolivian culture (like the language) and their fear due to their illegal situation in Brazil bring to the Services some obstacles to access this population. The objective of the study is to understand the pregnancy conceptions of the Bolivian immigrant women who attend Centro de Saúde Escola Barra Funda "Dr. Alexandre Vranjac" (CSEBF), in the following contexts: family, adaptation as immigrants, and space of construction of their personal life. The researchers performed a qualitative analysis of the interviews they conducted with Bolivian pregnant women older than 18 years old, enrolled at CSEBF. Some home visits were made in the company of a community-based health agent. Results showed that Bolivian women practice endogamy and monogamy. In Bolivia they never looked for a Health Service like CSEBF. A paradox was noticed when it comes to pregnancy and work, as they say they planned their first child although they agree that work - the main reason to come to Brazil - is negatively affected by pregnancy, childbirth and maternity. About childbirth practices, the Bolivian women wish and believe that natural childbirth is better than caesarean delivery, diverging from the Brazilian women's most common position. This study can contribute with knowledge about the Bolivian women's health conceptions, especially about pregnancy, so that the Health Service's actions, mainly in primary care, can be improved, increasing the organization capacity for receiving Bolivian immigrants.

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          Cultura, Saúde e Doença

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            Unwanted caesarean sections among public and private patients in Brazil: prospective study.

            To assess and compare the preferences of pregnant women in the public and private sector regarding delivery in Brazil. Face to face structured interviews with women who were interviewed early in pregnancy, about one month before the due date, and about one month post partum. Four cities in Brazil. 1612 pregnant women: 1093 public patients and 519 private patients. Rates of delivery by caesarean section in public and private institutions; women's preferences for delivery; timing of decision to perform caesarean section. 1136 women completed all three interviews; 476 women were lost to follow up (376 public patients and 100 private patients). Despite large differences in the rates of caesarean section in the two sectors (222/717 (31%) among public patients and 302/419 (72%) among private patients) there were no significant differences in preferences between the two groups. In both antenatal interviews, 70-80% in both sectors said they would prefer to deliver vaginally. In a large proportion of cases (237/502) caesarean delivery was decided on before admission: 48/207 (23%) in women in the public sector and 189/295 (64%) in women in the private sector. The large difference in the rates of caesarean sections in women in the public and private sectors is due to more unwanted caesarean sections among private patients rather than to a difference in preferences for delivery. High or rising rates of caesarean sections do not necessarily reflect demand for surgical delivery.
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              Doença, sofrimento, perturbação: perspectivas etnográficas

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                sausoc
                Saúde e Sociedade
                Saude soc.
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. (São Paulo )
                1984-0470
                June 2009
                : 18
                : suppl 2
                : 67-71
                Affiliations
                [1 ] SCSP
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0104-12902009000600011
                10.1590/S0104-12902009000600011
                799fc41a-c277-4aa1-a2ec-510bc5c2f290

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-1290&lng=en
                Categories
                PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

                Public health
                Bolivian Immigrant Women,Women's Health,Pregnancy,Social Representations,Saúde da mulher,Gestação,Parto,Childbirth,Representações sociais,Imigrantes bolivianas

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