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      Doppler e marcadores séricos maternos na predição de complicações da gestação Translated title: Doppler and maternal serum screening in the prediction of pregnancy complications

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia do Doppler das artérias uterinas e de marcadores séricos maternos na predição de complicações da gestação. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo com 49 primigestas, incluídas no estudo na 18ª semana, sendo coletada a amostra sanguínea para a realização das dosagens séricas, realizadas pelo método de quimioluminescência (alfa-fetoproteína, gonadotrofina coriônica humana e óxido nítrico) e radioimunoensaio (peptídio atrial natriurético). O Doppler das artérias uterinas foi realizado entre 24-26 semanas, determinando a presença ou ausência de incisura na onda de velocidade de fluxo. Na análise estatística utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney, para amostras não-paramétricas, e o teste exato de Fisher, para parâmetros qualitativos. RESULTADOS: Os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo foram, respectivamente, de 8,3%, 97,0%, 50,0% e 74,4% para a alfa-fetoproteína; 8,3%, 87,9%, 20,0% e 72,5% para a gonadotrofina coriônica humana; 16,7%, 97,0%, 33,3% e 76,2% para o peptídio atrial natriurético; e 16,7%, 93,9%, 50,0% e 75,6% para o óxido nítrico. A sensibilidade do Doppler foi de 75,0%, especificidade de 63,6%, valor preditivo positivo de 57,1% e valor preditivo negativo de 87,5%. CONCLUSÃO: O Doppler das artérias uterinas é melhor preditor de complicações da gestação quando comparado a alguns marcadores séricos em populações de baixo risco.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of uterine artery Doppler and maternal serum screening in the prediction of pregnancy complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study with 49 primigravidae at their 18th gestational week, when a blood sample was collected for serum dosage by chemiluminescence (alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and nitric oxide) and radioimmunoassay (atrial natriuretic peptide). Uterine artery Doppler was performed between the 24th and 26th gestational weeks, for determining the presence or absence of notch in the flow velocity waveform. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was utilized for statistical analysis, and the Fisher exact test for analysis of qualitative parameters. RESULTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were, respectively, 8.3%, 97.0%, 50.0% and 74.4% for alpha-fetoprotein; 8.3%, 87.9%, 20.0% and 72.5% for human chorionic gonadotropin; 16.7%, 97.0%, 33.3% and 76.2% for atrial natriuretic peptide; and 16.7%, 93.9%, 50.0% and 75.6% for nitric oxide. The uterine artery Doppler sensitivity was 75.0%, specificity 63.6%, positive predictive value 57.1%, and negative predictive value 87.5%. CONCLUSION: Uterine artery Doppler is an effective method for prediction of pregnancy complications as compared with maternal serum screening in low risk populations.

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          Most cited references20

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          Preeclampsia: an endothelial cell disorder.

          Despite intense study preeclampsia remains enigmatic and a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Most investigative efforts have focused on the hypertensive component of this disorder with reduced attention given to other equally important characteristics. Increased sensitivity to pressor agents and activation of the coagulation cascade occur early in the course of preeclampsia, often antedating clinically recognizable disease. Inasmuch as endothelial cell injury reduces the synthesis of vasorelaxing agents, increases the production of vasoconstrictors, impairs synthesis of endogenous anticoagulants, and increases procoagulant production, these cells are likely to be implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Indeed, evidence of endothelial cell injury is provided by the most characteristic morphologic lesion of preeclampsia, glomerular endotheliosis. Additional support for this hypothesis is derived from reports that indicate increased levels of circulating fibronectin (which can be released from injured endothelial cells) and increased factor VIII antigen present in the blood of preeclamptic women. More recently, direct evidence of activities that injure endothelial cells in vitro and increase the contractile sensitivity of isolated vessels has been presented. We propose that poorly perfused placental tissue releases a factor(s) into the systemic circulation that injuries endothelial cells. The changes initiated by endothelial cell injury set in motion a dysfunctional cascade of coagulation, vasoconstriction, and intravascular fluid redistribution that results in the clinical syndrome of preeclampsia.
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            Association of pregnancy-induced hypertension with duration of sexual cohabitation before conception.

            Pregnancy-induced hypertension affects at least 10% of all pregnancies. An association with first pregnancy or a change in paternity for subsequent pregnancies has been suggested. We studied the duration of sexual cohabitation with the father prior to conception and the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension. During a five-month period, 1011 consecutive women who delivered in an obstetric unit were interviewed about paternity and duration of sexual cohabitation before conception. Obstetric charts were abstracted to identify three groups: those with pregnancy-induced hypertension, chronic hypertension, and normal blood pressure. The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension was 11.9% among primigravidae, 4.7% among same-paternity multigravidae, and 24.0% among new-paternity multigravidae. For both primigravidae and multigravidae, length of sexual cohabitation before conception was inversely related to the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (p < 0.0001). Similar results were observed after control for race, education, maternal age, marital status, and number of pregnancies. Pregnancy-induced hypertension may be a problem of primipaternity rather than primigravidity. Furthermore, an extended duration of sexual cohabitation before conception may protect against pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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              Mid-trimester uterine artery Doppler screening as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome in high-risk women.

              To assess the value of uterine artery Doppler ultrasound screening, when performed in a clinical setting, to predict complications of impaired uteroplacental blood flow in high-risk women.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rb
                Radiologia Brasileira
                Radiol Bras
                Publicação do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1678-7099
                February 2008
                : 41
                : 1
                : 7-12
                Affiliations
                [02] Fortaleza CE orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Ceará Brasil
                [06] Ribeirão Preto SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto orgdiv2Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Brasil
                [03] orgnameConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
                [05] Ribeirão Preto SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto orgdiv2Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Brasil
                [07] Ribeirão Preto SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto orgdiv2Departamento de Fisiologia Brasil
                [04] Ribeirão Preto SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto orgdiv2Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia Brasil
                [01] Fortaleza CE orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Ceará orgdiv1Curso de Medicina Brasil
                Article
                S0100-39842008000100005 S0100-3984(08)04100105
                8f2e054b-ad49-4726-b0fc-75697b362cb3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 May 2007
                : 14 March 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Marcadores séricos,Doppler,Pregnancy,Complications,Preeclampsia,Serum screening,Gravidez,Complicações,Pré-eclâmpsia

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