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      Weed control in organic maize crop with direct sowing Translated title: El control de malezas en cultivos de maíz orgánico en la siembra directa

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT One of the main difficulties in the organic, no-tillage system is weed management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association between mechanical and cultural control methods (reduction of spacing and consortium with Canavalia ensiformis DC) on weed phytosociology and grain yield in maize with the organic, no-tillage system. The experiment design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a 2x3x2 factorial scheme, where the factors were, first factor: presence and absence of C. ensiformis; second factor: three weed management methods (without control, mowing and weeding), and third factor: two maize spacings (0.4 and 0.8 m). We evaluated the phytosociology of the weed community in maize stages V4 and V8, maize yield and dry matter of C. ensiformis. In the V4 stage, 21 weed species were identified, which were reduced to 16 species in V8. Cyperus rotundus presented a higher IR (Importance Value Index) in V4, and Panicum maximum had the highest IR in V8, independent of management. The C. ensiformis consortium with maize with 0.8 m spacing and weeding provided a higher grain yield.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Una de las principales dificultades en el sistema orgánico de siembra directa es el manejo de malezas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la asociación de métodos mecánicos y de control de cultivos (reducción de espaciamiento y cultivos intercalados con Canavalia ensiformis DC) en la fitosociología de malezas y el rendimiento de granos de maíz bajo un sistema de siembra directa orgánico. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones, en un esquema factorial 2x3x2, con el primer factor: presencia y ausencia de C. ensiformis; segundo factor: tres métodos de manejo de malezas (no controlado, corte y deshierbe), tercer factor: espacio entre dos hileras (0,4 y 0,8 m). Se evaluó la fitosociología de la comunidad de malezas en las etapas V4 y V8 del maíz, el rendimiento de grano del maíz y la materia seca del C. ensiformis. En la etapa V4 se identificaron 21 especies de malezas, reduciéndose a 16 especies en V8. Cyperus rotundus tiene la mayor IR (importancia relativa) en V4 y Panicum maximum la mayor IR en V8, independientemente del manejo. C. ensiformis en consorcio con maíz en el espacio de 0,8 m con desmalezado proporcionan un mayor rendimiento de grano.

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          Most cited references18

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          The Effect of Defoliation on the Carbon Balance in Dactylis glomerata

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            Phytosociological surveys: tools for weed science?

            In simple terms, a phytosociological survey is a group of ecological evaluation methods whose aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of both the composition and distribution of plant species in a given plant community. To understand the applicability of phytosociological surveys for weed science, as well as their validity, their ecological basis should be understood and the most suitable ones need to be chosen, because cultivated fields present a relatively distinct group of selecting factors when compared to natural plant communities. For weed science, the following sequence of steps is proposed as the most suitable: (1) overall infestation; (2) phytosociological tables/graphs; (3) intra-characterization by diversity; (4) inter-characterization and grouping by cluster analysis. A summary of methods is established in order to assist Weed Science researchers through their steps into the realm of phytosociology.
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              Management of Bidens pilosa and Commelina benghalensis in organic corn cultivation under no-tillage

              Mowing is one of the most important methods used to control weeds in organic farming, under the no-tillage system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three weed management techniques on weed development, using the weeds Bidens pilosa and Commelina benghalensis, in competition with organic corn {mowing at the three-leaf stage (14 days after corn emergence - DACE), mowing at the three- and six-leaf stage (14 and 25 DACE), and no mowing. Single cultivation with no mowing was also evaluated for these weeds. Mowings performed at 14 and 25 DACE prevented the production of B. pilosa seeds, ensuring efficient control of this species. However, the use of this technique was shown to be inefficient in the control of C. benghalensis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcch
                Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas
                rev.colomb.cienc.hortic.
                Sociedad Colombiana de Ciencias Hotícolas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                2011-2173
                August 2019
                : 13
                : 2
                : 228-236
                Affiliations
                [2] Araras São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Carlos orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agrárias (UFSCar, CCA), Brazil
                [3] Botucatu orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                [1] Piracicaba orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (USP/ESALQ) Brazil
                Article
                S2011-21732019000200228 S2011-2173(19)01300200228
                10.17584/rcch.2019v13i2.10594
                78c923d0-9622-4b1f-b267-1702e7431463

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 July 2019
                : 18 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Section of fruits

                siega,mowing,gestión mecánica,gestión cultural,Canavalia ensiformis DC,weeding,deshierbe,fitosociología,cultural management,mechanical management

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