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      Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction? : Compulsive sexual behavior

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 4
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Addiction
      Publisher: Wiley

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          Abstract

          To review the evidence base for classifying compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) as a non-substance or 'behavioral' addiction.

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          Most cited references82

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          Review. The incentive sensitization theory of addiction: some current issues.

          Terry E Robinson, Kent C. Berridge (2008)
          We present a brief overview of the incentive sensitization theory of addiction. This posits that addiction is caused primarily by drug-induced sensitization in the brain mesocorticolimbic systems that attribute incentive salience to reward-associated stimuli. If rendered hypersensitive, these systems cause pathological incentive motivation ('wanting') for drugs. We address some current questions including: what is the role of learning in incentive sensitization and addiction? Does incentive sensitization occur in human addicts? Is the development of addiction-like behaviour in animals associated with sensitization? What is the best way to model addiction symptoms using animal models? And, finally, what are the roles of affective pleasure or withdrawal in addiction?
          Article 0 comments Cited 387 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Attentional bias in addictive behaviors: a review of its development, causes, and consequences.

            M. Field, W. Cox (2008)
            A wealth of research from the past two decades shows that addictive behaviors are characterized by attentional biases for substance-related stimuli. We review the relevant evidence and present an integration of existing theoretical models to explain the development, causes, and consequences of addiction-related attentional biases. We suggest that through classical conditioning, substance-related stimuli elicit the expectancy of substance availability, and this expectancy causes both attentional bias for substance-related stimuli and subjective craving. Furthermore, attentional bias and craving have a mutual excitatory relationship such that increases in one lead to increases in the other, a process that is likely to result in substance self-administration. Cognitive avoidance strategies, impulsivity, and impaired inhibitory control appear to influence the strength of attentional biases and subjective craving. However, some measures of attentional bias, particularly the addiction Stroop, might reflect multiple underlying processes, so results need to be interpreted cautiously. We make several predictions that require testing in future research, and we discuss implications for the treatment of addictive behaviors.
            Article 0 comments Cited 341 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies.

              Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Andrew Lawrence, Luke Clark (2008)
              There is a longstanding association between substance-use disorders (SUDs) and the psychological construct of impulsivity. In the first section of this review, personality and neurocognitive data pertaining to impulsivity will be summarised in regular users of four classes of substance: stimulants, opiates, alcohol and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Impulsivity in these groups may arise via two alternative mechanisms, which are not mutually exclusive. By one account, impulsivity may occur as a consequence of chronic exposure to substances causing harmful effects on the brain. By the alternative account, impulsivity pre-dates SUDs and is associated with the vulnerability to addiction. We will review the evidence that impulsivity is associated with addiction vulnerability by considering three lines of evidence: (i) studies of groups at high-risk for development of SUDs; (ii) studies of pathological gamblers, where the harmful consequences of the addiction on brain structure are minimised, and (iii) genetic association studies linking impulsivity to genetic risk factors for addiction. Within each of these three lines of enquiry, there is accumulating evidence that impulsivity is a pre-existing vulnerability marker for SUDs.
              Article 0 comments Cited 329 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Addiction
                Abbreviated Title: Addiction
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN: 09652140
                Publication date Created: December 2016
                Publication date (Print): December 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): February 18 2016
                Volume: 111
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 2097-2106
                Affiliations
                [1 ]VISN 1 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers; VA Connecticut Healthcare System; West Haven CT USA
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
                [3 ]University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
                [4 ]Department of Neurobiology, Child Study Center and CASAColumbia; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
                Article
                DOI: 10.1111/add.13297
                PMC ID: 4990495
                PubMed ID: 26893127
                SO-VID: 782b63d3-9231-40ad-9789-d3f6fc20f409
                Copyright © © 2016
                License:

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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