Seguridad alimentaria en tiempos de COVID-19: Una visión desde la cadena productiva de recursos hidrobiológicos  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Food Safety in the Time of COVID-19: A View from the Hydrobiological Resources’ Production Chain </span>

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Abstract

RESUMEN: La seguridad alimentaria durante el COVID-19 ha sido afectada internacionalmente, en los aspectos sociales y económicos del sector pesquero. Este artículo presenta como el COVID-19 ha impactado sobre el sistema que conforma la actividad de la pesca y acuicultura, siendo estas una fuente de proteínas y nutrientes, que contribuyen a la seguridad alimentaria de los diferentes países del mundo. A la vez, se aborda, los beneficios de este acontecimiento, resaltando la disminución del esfuerzo de pesca, el resurgimiento de puestos de trabajo, y la implementación de políticas pesqueras para la recuperación de las especies acuáticas. Con respecto a la metodología utilizada, esta consistió en la recopilación y análisis de artículos científicos y publicaciones de dominio público de diferentes instituciones. Como resultado, se considera que el eslabón que conforma la cadena productiva pesquera más impactada por el COVID-19 fue la pesca de menor escala, que provee recursos hidrobiológicos para consumo humano directo y por ende es reconocida por su contribución en prevenir la inseguridad alimentaria.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT: Food security during COVID-19 has been affected internationally, in the social and economic aspects of the fishing sector. This article presents how COVID-19 has impacted on the system that makes up the activity of fishing and aquaculture, these being a source of proteins and nutrients, which contribute to the food safety of the different countries of the world. At the same time, the benefits of this event are addressed, highlighting the decrease in fishing effort, the resurgence of jobs, and the implementation of fishing policies for the recovery of aquatic species. Regarding the methodology used, this consisted of the compilation and analysis of scientific articles and public domain publications from different institutions. As a result, it is considered that the link that makes up the fishing production chain most impacted by COVID-19 was small-scale fishing, which provides hydrobiological resources for direct human consumption and is therefore recognized for its contribution to preventing food insecurity.

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World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)

Catrin Sohrabi, Zaid Alsafi, Niamh O'Neill … (2020)

An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was identified as the causative agent and was subsequently termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Considered a relative of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 is caused by a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with 90,870 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 3,000 deaths worldwide. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding COVID-19.

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Why inequality could spread COVID-19

Faheem Ahmed, Na'eem Ahmed, Christopher Pissarides … (2020)

Pandemics rarely affect all people in a uniform way. The Black Death in the 14th century reduced the global population by a third, with the highest number of deaths observed among the poorest populations. 1 Densely populated with malnourished and overworked peasants, medieval Europe was a fertile breeding ground for the bubonic plague. Seven centuries on—with a global gross domestic product of almost US$100 trillion—is our world adequately resourced to prevent another pandemic? 2 Current evidence from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic would suggest otherwise. Estimates indicate that COVID-19 could cost the world more than $10 trillion, 3 although considerable uncertainty exists with regard to the reach of the virus and the efficacy of the policy response. For each percentage point reduction in the global economy, more than 10 million people are plunged into poverty worldwide. 3 Considering that the poorest populations are more likely to have chronic conditions, this puts them at higher risk of COVID-19-associated mortality. Since the pandemic has perpetuated an economic crisis, unemployment rates will rise substantially and weakened welfare safety nets further threaten health and social insecurity. Working should never come at the expense of an individual's health nor to public health. In the USA, instances of unexpected medical billings for uninsured patients treated for COVID-19 and carriers continuing to work for fear of redundancy have already been documented. 4 Despite employment safeguards recently being passed into law in some high-income countries, such as the UK and the USA, low-income groups are wary of these assurances since they have experience of long-standing difficulties navigating complex benefits systems, 4 and many workers (including the self-employed) can be omitted from such contingency plans. The implications of inadequate financial protections for low-wage workers are more evident in countries with higher levels of extreme poverty, such as India. In recent pandemics, such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome, doctors were vectors of disease transmission due to inadequate testing and personal protective equipment. 5 History seems to be repeating itself, with clinicians comprising more than a tenth of all COVID-19 cases in Spain and Italy. With a projected global shortage of 15 million health-care workers by 2030, governments have left essential personnel exposed in this time of need. Poor populations lacking access to health services in normal circumstances are left most vulnerable during times of crisis. Misinformation and miscommunication disproportionally affect individuals with less access to information channels, who are thus more likely to ignore government health warnings. 6 With the introduction of physical distancing measures, household internet coverage should be made ubiquitous. The inequitable response to COVID-19 is already evident. Healthy life expectancy and mortality rates have historically been markedly disproportionate between the richest and poorest populations. The full effects of COVID-19 are yet to be seen, while the disease begins to spread across the most fragile settings, including conflict zones, prisons, and refugee camps. As the global economy plunges deeper into an economic crisis and government bailout programmes continue to prioritise industry, scarce resources and funding allocation decisions must aim to reduce inequities rather than exacerbate them.