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      Validez estadística de la Escala Mexicana de Seguridad Alimentaria y la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria Translated title: Statistical validity of the Mexican Food Security Scale and the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale

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          Abstract

          Objetivo. El artículo busca validar la consistencia estadística de dos escalas de seguridad alimentaria: la Escala Mexicana de Seguridad Alimentaria (EMSA) y la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA), incorporadas al Módulo de Condiciones Socioeconómicas de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (MCS-ENIGH) 2008 y 2010, respectivamente. Material y métodos. Se realizaron pruebas de validación para verificar que las escalas fuesen instrumentos consistentes, conformados por reactivos independientes, correctamente graduados y ordenados en un continuo de severidad. Se desarrollaron las siguientes pruebas: ordenamiento de reactivos; análisis del coeficiente de Cronbach; paralelismo de curvas de prevalencia; modelos de Rasch; y análisis de sensibilidad mediante pruebas de hipótesis de diferencia de medias. Resultados. Las pruebas muestran que ambas escalas cumplen con los atributos requeridos y son instrumentos estadísticamente robustos para medir la seguridad alimentaria. Conclusión. Lo anterior es relevante, toda vez que a partir de la EMSA se estima el indicador de carencia por acceso a la alimentación, incorporado a la medición oficial de la pobreza en México.

          Translated abstract

          Objective. This article validates the statistical consistency of two food security scales: the Mexican Food Security Scale (EMSA) and the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Materials and methods. Validity tests were conducted in order to verify that both scales were consistent instruments, conformed by independent, properly calibrated and adequately sorted items, arranged in a continuum of severity. The following tests were developed: sorting of items; Cronbach's alpha analysis; parallelism of prevalence curves; Rasch models; sensitivity analysis through mean differences' hypothesis test. Results. The tests showed that both scales meet the required attributes and are robust statistical instruments for food security measurement. Conclusion. This is relevant given that the lack of access to food indicator, included in multidimensional poverty measurement in Mexico, is calculated with EMSA.

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          Aproximación al uso del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach

          Introducción: Las escalas se usan frecuentemente en la investigación y en la práctica clínica de la psiquiatría. No obstante, todas las escalas deben ser formalmente validadas antes, con el propósito de conocer de las propiedades psicométricas en una población específica. Descripción: Las escalas pueden ser validadas con el uso de un patrón de referencia o sin él; la segunda opción es la única forma de validar algunos instrumentos. Establecer la consistencia interna de una escala es una aproximación a la validación del constructo y consiste en la cuantificación de la correlación que existe entre los ítems que la componen. Valores de alfa de Cronbach entre 0,70 y 0,90 indican una buena consistencia interna. La determinación del alfa de Cronbach se indica para escalas unidimensionales entre tres y veinte ítems. Se debe informar este valor cada vez que se emplee la escala y puede usarse como única medida de validez cuando es difícil una validación con un patrón de referencia.
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            Food insecurity measurement and indicators

            The United Nations define food security as "People having at all times, physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life." There are five methods that are commonly applied in national surveys that can be used to assess food insecurity. Of these, four are indirect or derivative measures of food insecurity (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization method, household expenditure surveys, dietary intake assessment and anthropometry). The only method that represents a fundamental or direct measure of food insecurity is the one based on experience-based food insecurity scales. All the methods complement each other and the method of choice depends on the question being answered and the economic and logistical resources available to collect valid data. All the methods have serious measurement error issues that can be reduced by fully understanding the principles underlying them and the use of highly trained and standardized research field workers. As shown in Brazil, the use of experience-based food insecurity measurement scales for mapping, targeting, and understanding the determinants and consequences of food insecurity is very promising. Thus, we recommend the Latin American and Caribbean Region to work towards the adoption of a single regional module that can be adapted to the local contexts based on qualitative cognitive research followed by quantitative confirmation of the scale's psychometric properties. The Brazilian experience-based food insecurity measurement project is likely to provide useful insights to other countries in the region.
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              Metodología para la medición multidimensional de la pobreza en México

              (2010)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                spm
                Salud Pública de México
                Salud pública Méx
                Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Cuernavaca )
                0036-3634
                2014
                : 56
                : suppl 1
                : s5-s11
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social México
                [2 ] Yale University Estados Unidos de América
                [3 ] McGill University Canadá
                Article
                S0036-36342014000700003
                ec6fd125-4996-4691-9bea-d665ea3b2356

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0036-3634&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                validity,food security,scales,Mexico,validez,seguridad alimentaria,escalas,México
                Public health
                validity, food security, scales, Mexico, validez, seguridad alimentaria, escalas, México

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