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      Algunos factores maternos relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer Translated title: Some maternal factors connected with low birthweight

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          Abstract

          Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo sobre algunos factores maternos que influyeron en el nacimiento de recién nacidos con bajo peso en el municipio Playa desde el 1ero. de enero al 31 de diciembre del 2002. Para dicho estudio se diseñó un formulario que recogió la información contenida en las historias clínicas obstétricas de 115 madres y 118 recién nacidos bajo peso objeto de estudio. Hubo 3 embarazos gemelares que aportaron sus correspondientes recién nacidos con bajo peso. Se analizaron indicadores socioeconómicos y biológicos como fueron: edad materna, escolaridad, hábito de fumar, antecedentes patológicos personales, malos antecedentes obstétricos, afecciones asociadas y/o dependientes del embarazo, valoración nutricional al inicio de la gestación, ganancia de peso, edad gestacional y peso al momento del nacimiento, así como se clasificó al neonato en crecimiento intrauterino retardado, pretérmino y en la combinación de ambas clasificaciones anteriores. Entre los principales resultados encontrados está que el crecimiento intrauterino retardado resultó ser la principal causa de recién nacido bajo peso. Los malos antecedentes obstétricos con mayor incidencia fueron el período intergenésico menor de 24 meses, el bajo peso preconcepcional y la muerte fetal. Las afecciones asociadas más frecuentes en el embarazo fueron la infección vaginal, la anemia y la hipertensión arterial; el retardo del crecimiento fetal, la rotura prematura de las membranas y el embarazo múltiple fueron las afecciones propias del embarazo que más se encontraron. Las edades maternas extremas, la baja escolaridad, el hábito de fumar y la desnutrición materna aisladamente no tuvieron gran influencia en la incidencia de recién nacido bajo peso mientras que si la tuvo la insuficiente ganancia de peso durante el embarazo.

          Translated abstract

          A descriptive and retrospective study on some maternal factors that influenced on the low birthweight of newborn infants in Playa municipality from January 1st to December 31, 2002, was conducted. A questionnaire was designed to obtain the information from the obstetric medical histories of 115 mothers and 118 newborns with low birthweight under study. There were 3 twin birhts with low birthweight infants, too. Socioeconomic and biological indicators, such as maternal age, educational level, smoking habit, personal pathological history, bad obstetric antecedents, associated affections and/or depending on pregnancy, nutritional assessment at the beginning of pregnancy, weight gain, gestational age, and weight at the time of birth, were analyzed. The neonate was classified into delayed intrauterine growth, preterm and into the combination of both. One of the main results was that the delayed intrauterine growth was the main cause of low birthweight. The poor obstetric antecedents with the highest incidence were the intergenesic period under 24 months, the low preconceptional weight and fetal death. The most common associated affections in pregnancy were vaginal infection, anemia, and arterial hypertension. The delay of the fetal growth, the premature rupture of the membranes and multiple pregnancy were the most frequent affections characteristic of pregnancy. The extreme maternal ages, the low educational level, the smoking habit and the maternal malnutrition isolatedly had not a great influence on the incidence of the low birthweight newborn; whereas, the insufficient weight gain during pregnancy did have it.

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          Most cited references25

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          Programa para la Reducción del Bajo Peso al Nacer

          (1998)
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            Manual de Diagnósticos y tratamientos en Obstetricia y Perinatología

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              Women and smoking: an update for the 1990s.

              Cigarette smoking is associated with many health hazards, ranging from lung cancer to low infant birth weight. In the United States in 1994, 23.1% of all women and 14.6% of pregnant women smoked. Few physicians ask their patients about smoking, although minimal effort by physicians could help many smokers to quit. This article summarizes the current data on smoking prevalence, reviews quitting techniques, covers topics of particular interest to physicians caring for women, and suggests ways in which physicians may become more active in preventing smoking among teens.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gin
                Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
                Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0138-600X
                1561-3062
                April 2004
                : 30
                : 1
                Affiliations
                [01] La Habana orgnamePoliclínico Integral Docente del municipio Playa. Dirección Municipal de Salud . Cuba
                Article
                S0138-600X2004000100001 S0138-600X(04)03000101
                770bee03-cbb8-4e0c-9f73-a0bd798b0712

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 February 2004
                : 05 March 2004
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Cuba


                periodo intergenésico,infección vaginal,muerte fetal,embarazo,Recién Nacido bajo peso,vaginal infection,fetal death,intergenesic period,pregnancy,Low birthweight newborn

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