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      Analysis of the stimulated whole saliva in overweight and obese school children Translated title: Análise da saliva total estimulada em escolares com sobrepeso e obesos

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To determine if some stimulated whole saliva parameters are influenced by an increase of Body Mass Index. METHODS: Controlled cross-sectional study involving 90 school children of both genders between 7 and 10 years of age, from Bragança Paulista - SP. Three groups were formed: overweight, obese and control. Body Mass Index and diet intake by the Food Register method were evaluated. The salivary pH, flow rate, buffer capacity, protein, phosphate, calcium, fluoride, total and free sialic acid, and peroxidase activity were determined. RESULTS: The overweight and obese groups showed greater energy and lipid intake (P< 0.001) than the control group. There was no difference in the saliva flow rate between groups, however only the control group showed a mean value considered normal. In the overweight and obese groups a decrease in both the concentration of phosphate (P< 0.001) and peroxidase activity (P<0.001) was observed. In the obese group an increase in the concentrations of free sialic acid (P= 0.004) and protein (P= 0.003) occurred. CONCLUSION: Overweight and obese children show alterations in the concentrations of phosphate, free sialic acid and proteins, and in the peroxidase activity that are favorable conditions for dental caries.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Verificar se alguns parâmetros da saliva total estimulada são influenciados pelo aumento do Índice de Massa Corporal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal controlado com 90 escolares, de ambos os sexos, de 7 a 10 anos incompletos de Bragança Paulista, SP, formando três grupos: sobrepeso, obeso e controle. Avaliou-se o Índice de Massa Corporal (P/E2) e a ingestão dietética pelo registro alimentar. Na saliva foram avaliados o fluxo, pH, capacidade tampão e concentrações de proteína, fósforo, cálcio, flúor, ácido siálico livre e total e atividade da peroxidase. RESULTADOS: Nos grupos sobrepeso e obeso houve maior consumo de energia e lipídios (P<0,001). Não houve diferença no fluxo salivar entre todos os grupos, mas somente o controle mostrou valor médio considerado normal. O pH salivar do grupo sobrepeso foi maior do que o do controle (P<0,001). Nos grupos sobrepeso e obeso houve decréscimo na concentração de fosfato (P<0,001) e na atividade da peroxidase (P<0,001). No grupo obeso houve aumento nas concentrações de ácido siálico livre (P= 0,004) e proteína (P= 0,003). CONCLUSÃO: Crianças com sobrepeso e obesas apresentam alterações nas concentrações salivares de fosfato, ácido siálico livre e proteínas e na atividade da peroxidade, as quais favorecem a formação de cárie dentária.

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          Most cited references32

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          Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of the WHO Consultation of Obesity

          (2000)
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            The assessment of the nutritional status of the community

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              Antimicrobial function of human saliva--how important is it for oral health?

              J Tenovuo (1998)
              Human saliva contains a number of physical physicochemical, and chemical agents that protect oral tissues against noxious compounds, in particular those produced by various microorganisms. Among such protective factors, the flushing effect of saliva flow is the most important one, not only because it so effectively removes exogenous and endogenous microorganisms and their products into the gut but also because a steady supply of saliva guarantees continuous presence of both non-immune and immune factors in the mouth. A great number of studies with controversial results have been published regarding various individual agents and their possible association to oral health, particularly to dental caries. It appears that no single chemical agent is far more important than the others. For example, patients with selective IgA deficiency have normal levels of non-immune defense factors and often display a compensatory increase in the other immunoglobulin isotypes. The concerted action of all agents in whole saliva, both saliva- and serum-derived, provides a multifunctional protective network that is collapsed only if salivary flow rate is substantially reduced. In this mixture of defense factors, many show additive or even synergistic interactions against oral pathogens. Increased knowledge of the molecular functions of various agents has made it possible to prepare oral hygiene product that include host-derived antimicrobial agents instead of synthetic agents. Although the clinical efficacy of such products is still unsatisfactory and poorly described, new technologies, for example in the production of specific antibodies against oral pathogens, may considerably improve the antimicrobial power of these products.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ramb
                Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
                Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.
                Associação Médica Brasileira (São Paulo )
                1806-9282
                2010
                : 56
                : 1
                : 32-36
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade São Francisco Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [6 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0104-42302010000100012
                10.1590/S0104-42302010000100012
                76dc7441-845b-402a-9375-4c13a757ce3e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-4230&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Saliva,Obesity,Child,Obesidade,Criança
                Internal medicine
                Saliva, Obesity, Child, Obesidade, Criança

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