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      Hiperacusia en trastornos del espectro autista: una revisión de la literatura Translated title: Hyperacusis in autism spectrum disorders: A review of the literature

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          Abstract

          Resumen La hiperacusia se define como la intolerancia a ciertos sonidos cotidianos que causa angustia y discapacidad significativas en las actividades sociales, ocupacionales, recreativas y otras actividades cotidianas. Los sonidos pueden percibirse como incómodamente fuertes, desagradables, atemorizantes o dolorosos. Se encuentra presente en aproximadamente un 3% población general, y aumenta significativamente en trastornos del espectro autista (TEA), alcanzando entre un 15% a 40%. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos no son del todo claros, pero se ha propuesto, una alteración en el funcionamiento de mecanismos reflejos y de regulación, tanto a nivel de la vía auditiva periférica, como central, incluyendo estructuras no relacionadas directamente con la vía auditiva. El siguiente texto tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre hiperacusia y TEA, enfatizando en la frecuencia en que se presentan como comorbilidades, en los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos, y en actualizaciones en el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica cualitativa en Pubmed con artículos entre los años 2008-2020 utilizando los términos: “hyperacusis autism”, “sistema olivococlear”, arrojando 39 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron en base a la temática de cada uno, evaluada por los autores. A pesar de una significativa relación entre hiperacusia y TEA, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de ambas patologías siguen siendo un misterio. Existen estudios que sugieren pruebas de screening no invasivas que relacionan ambas patologías, pero debido a los sesgos de selección, todavía no son factibles de usar en forma universal. El abordaje terapéutico ha sido poco explorado, y no se dispone de fármacos que hayan demostrado su efectividad, por el contrario, algunos de ellos empeoran la sintomatología. Se recomienda al tratante, seguir un camino largo, en conjunto con el paciente, donde las terapias no farmacológicas como la terapia cognitivo conductual han mostrado tener buenos resultados.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Hyperacusis is defined as intolerance to certain sounds that causes significant distress and disability in social, occupational, recreational and other activities. Sounds can be perceived as uncomfortably loud, unpleasant, frightening, or painful. It is present in approximately 3% of the general population, and increases significantly in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), between 15% and 40%. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not entirely clear, but an alteration in the functioning of reflex and regulatory mechanisms has been proposed, both at the peripheral and central auditory pathways, including structures not directly related to the auditory pathway. The therapeutic approach has been little explored as there are no drugs that have demonstrated their effectiveness, on the contrary, some of them worsen the symptoms. The practitioner is recommended to follow a long path, in conjunction with the patient, where non-pharmacological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy have been shown to have good results. The following text shows a review of the literature with articles referring to the subject between the years 2008-2019.

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          Most cited references18

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          Psychometric Normalization of a Hyperacusis Questionnaire

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            Tinnitus and hyperacusis in autism spectrum disorders with emphasis on high functioning individuals diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome

            To evaluate the prevalence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (AS).
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              Progressively Increased M50 Responses to Repeated Sounds in Autism Spectrum Disorder with Auditory Hypersensitivity: A Magnetoencephalographic Study

              The aim of this study was to investigate the differential time-course responses of the auditory cortex to repeated auditory stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) showing auditory hypersensitivity. Auditory-evoked field values were obtained from 21 boys with ASD (12 with and 9 without auditory hypersensitivity) and 15 age-matched typically developing controls. M50 dipole moments were significantly increased during the time-course study only in the ASD with auditory hypersensitivity compared with those for the other two groups. The boys having ASD with auditory hypersensitivity also showed more prolonged response duration than those in the other two groups. The response duration was significantly related to the severity of auditory hypersensitivity. We propose that auditory hypersensitivity is associated with decreased inhibitory processing, possibly resulting from an abnormal sensory gating system or dysfunction of inhibitory interneurons.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                orl
                Revista de otorrinolaringología y cirugía de cabeza y cuello
                Rev. Otorrinolaringol. Cir. Cabeza Cuello
                Sociedad Chilena de Otorrinolaringología, Medicina y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-4816
                June 2022
                : 82
                : 2
                : 258-269
                Affiliations
                [2] Santiago orgnameInstituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo orgdiv1Servicio de Otorrinolaringología Chile
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Hospital de Niños Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna orgdiv2Programa de Especialización en Neurología Pediátrica Chile
                Article
                S0718-48162022000200258 S0718-4816(22)08200200258
                76d735c4-6897-4fbd-9094-531cd69d88e5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 June 2020
                : 26 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN

                Hiperacusia,quality of life,trastorno del espectro autista,vía aferente,vía eferente,calidad de vida,Hyperacusis,autism spectrum disorder,afferent pathway,efferent pathway

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