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      Uso de medicinas complementarias y alternativas en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar en Colombia Translated title: Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Patients with Bipolar Disorder

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          Abstract

          Introducción: La medicina complementaria y alternativa (MCA) está adquieriendo un papel importante en el contexto de la atención sanitaria en salud mental. Objetivo: Describir el uso de las MCA en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB), realizando una aproximación al impacto que este tipo de medicinas puede generar en el diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad y la adherencia al tratamiento. Método: Se recogió una muestra consecutiva de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de TAB, quienes asistían a tratamiento psiquiátrico en las instituciones participantes entre mayo del 2008 y mayo del 2009. Se administró una encuesta anónima, estructurada y autoaplicada. Resultados: Se obtuvo información sobre 66 mujeres y 34 hombres; edad promedio, 45,5 años (desviación estándar 14,9 años). El 29,3% reportó que desde el inicio de los síntomas del TAB hasta el diagnóstico por un psiquiatra transcurrieron más de 5 años; el 31,6% refería haber recurrido a MCA como primera atención sanitaria. Las consultas a sacerdotes y la asistencia a misas de sanación constituyeron las prácticas más utilizadas, junto con la medicina homeopática, la bioenergética, las esencias florales, la acupuntura y el yoga. Discusión y conclusiones: Aunque existen demoras en recibir un diagnóstico adecuado y un tratamiento oportuno, y a su vez insatisfacción con los servicios de la MC, este estudio permite un acercamiento al impacto de las MCA; sin embargo, se requiere más investigación orientada a conocer las expectativas y necesidades de los pacientes, que en lo posible integre los recursos terapéuticos disponibles para el tratamiento del TAB.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has acquired an important role in the context of mental health care. Objective: To describe the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD), examining the impact this kind of medicine can have on the early diagnosis of the illness and on the adherence to treatment. Method: A structured, anonymous, and self-administered survey was conducted among 100 adult patients affected by Bipolar Disorder in Colombia, between May 2008 and May 2009. Results: We obtained data on 100 subjects, 66 women and 34 men, with a mean age of 45.5 years (SD 14.9 years). 29.3% reported that from the onset of symptoms until the diagnosis of BD by a psychiatrist more than 5 years had passed; 31.6% confirmed the use of CAM as primary health care. Consultations with priests and attending healing masses were the most commonly used practices, along with homeopathic medicine, bioenergetic medicine, flower essences, acupuncture, and yoga. Discussion and conclusions: Although there can be delays in receiving proper diagnosis and timely treatment, as well as dissatisfaction with CM services, this study gives us an initial approach to the impact of CAM in this regard. More research is needed, however, in this field in order to discover patients' expectations and needs, as well as an adequate mental health care which integrates, as much as it is possible, all the therapeutic resources available for the treatment of BD.

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          Most cited references28

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          Why patients use alternative medicine: results of a national study.

          J A Astin (1998)
          Research both in the United States and abroad suggests that significant numbers of people are involved with various forms of alternative medicine. However, the reasons for such use are, at present, poorly understood. To investigate possible predictors of alternative health care use. Three primary hypotheses were tested. People seek out these alternatives because (1) they are dissatisfied in some way with conventional treatment; (2) they see alternative treatments as offering more personal autonomy and control over health care decisions; and (3) the alternatives are seen as more compatible with the patients' values, worldview, or beliefs regarding the nature and meaning of health and illness. Additional predictor variables explored included demographics and health status. A written survey examining use of alternative health care, health status, values, and attitudes toward conventional medicine. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used in an effort to identify predictors of alternative health care use. A total of 1035 individuals randomly selected from a panel who had agreed to participate in mail surveys and who live throughout the United States. Use of alternative medicine within the previous year. The response rate was 69%. The following variables emerged as predictors of alternative health care use: more education (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.3); poorer health status (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5); a holistic orientation to health (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9); having had a transformational experience that changed the person's worldview (OR, 1 .8; 95% CI, 1 .3-2.5); any of the following health problems: anxiety (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6-6.0); back problems (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1 .7-3.2); chronic pain (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1 -3.5); urinarytract problems (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.5); and classification in a cultural group identifiable by their commitment to environmentalism, commitment to feminism, and interest in spirituality and personal growth psychology (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.7). Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine did not predict use of alternative medicine. Only 4.4% of those surveyed reported relying primarily on alternative therapies. Along with being more educated and reporting poorer health status, the majority of alternative medicine users appear to be doing so not so much as a result of being dissatisfied with conventional medicine but largely because they find these health care alternatives to be more congruent with their own values, beliefs, and philosophical orientations toward health and life.
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            Failure and delay in initial treatment contact after first onset of mental disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

            An understudied crucial step in the help-seeking process is making prompt initial contact with a treatment provider after first onset of a mental disorder. To provide data on patterns and predictors of failure and delay in making initial treatment contact after first onset of a mental disorder in the United States from the recently completed National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Nationally representative face-to-face household survey carried out between February 2001 and April 2003. A total of 9282 respondents aged 18 years and older. Lifetime DSM-IV disorders were assessed with the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured interview designed to be administered by trained lay interviewers. Information about age of first professional treatment contact for each lifetime DSM-IV/WMH-CIDI disorder assessed in the survey was collected and compared with age at onset of the disorder to study typical duration of delay. Cumulative lifetime probability curves show that the vast majority of people with lifetime disorders eventually make treatment contact, although more so for mood (88.1%-94.2%) disorders than for anxiety (27.3%-95.3%), impulse control (33.9%-51.8%), or substance (52.7%-76.9%) disorders. Delay among those who eventually make treatment contact ranges from 6 to 8 years for mood disorders and 9 to 23 years for anxiety disorders. Failure to make initial treatment contact and delay among those who eventually make treatment contact are both associated with early age of onset, being in an older cohort, and a number of socio-demographic characteristics (male, married, poorly educated, racial/ethnic minority). Failure to make prompt initial treatment contact is a pervasive aspect of unmet need for mental health care in the United States. Interventions to speed initial treatment contact are likely to reduce the burdens and hazards of untreated mental disorder.
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              Delays in initial treatment contact after first onset of a mental disorder.

              To examine nationally representative patterns and predictors of delays in contacting a professional after first onset of a mental disorder. The National Comorbidity Survey, a nationally representative survey of 8,098 respondents aged 15-54. Cross-sectional survey. Assessed lifetime DSM-III-R mental disorders using a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Obtained reports on age at onset of disorders and age of first treatment contact with each of six types of professionals (general medical doctors, psychiatrists, other mental health specialists, religious professionals, human services professionals, and alternative treatment professionals). Used Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves to estimate cumulative lifetime probabilities of treatment contact after first onset of a mental disorder. Used survival analysis to study the predictors of delays in making treatment contact. The vast majority (80.1 percent) of people with a lifetime DSM-III-R disorder eventually make treatment contact, although delays average more than a decade. The duration of delay is related to less serious disorders, younger age at onset, and older age at interview. There is no evidence that delay in initial contact with a health care professional is increased by earlier contact with other non-health-care professionals. Within the limits of recalling lifetime events, it appears that delays in initial treatment contact are an important component of the larger problem of unmet need for mental health care. Interventions are needed to decrease these delays.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcp
                Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría
                rev.colomb.psiquiatr.
                Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria. (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0034-7450
                December 2010
                : 39
                : 4
                : 665-682
                Affiliations
                [03] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística Colombia.
                [05] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana orgdiv1Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística Colombia.
                [02] Buenos Aires orgname. Instituto de Neurociencias Favaloro orgdiv1Grupo de Trastornos Afectivos Argentina.
                [01] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia.
                [04] Ibagué orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia.
                Article
                S0034-74502010000400004 S0034-7450(10)03900404
                2a3c828c-bf12-405b-a018-0b61f7ab9909

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 November 2010
                : 05 October 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Articulo Original

                trastorno afectivo bipolar,medicina complementaria y alternativa.,Bipolar affective disorder,complementary and alternative medicine.

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