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      Coordenação do nado borboleta: estudo piloto sobre os efeitos da velocidade de nado e das ações inspiratórias Translated title: Butterfly stroke coordination: a pilot study about effects on speed and on inspiratory actions Translated title: Coordinación del estilo mariposa: estudio previo sobre los efectos de la velocidad de nado y de las acciones inspiratorias

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          Abstract

          A proposta deste estudo piloto foi verificar os efeitos da velocidade de nado e dos ciclos inspiratórios sobre os parâmetros coordenativos do nado borboleta. Participaram quatro nadadores de nível regional, com desempenho médio de 69 ± 3,6% do recorde mundial na prova de 100 m borboleta em piscina de 25 m. Em resposta ao incremento da velocidade de nado, entre os principais resultados, destaca-se: redução da duração absoluta dos ciclos (de 2,01 ± 0,43 s para 1,07 ± 0,09 s, entre velocidade relativa aos 200 m e velocidade máxima em 25 m, com inspiração frontal e similar comportamento para ciclos não inspiratórios); marcado aumento na duração das fases propulsivas da braçada, expressas em % da duração média de quatro ciclos de braçada (fase B de 14,6 ± 3,2% para 22,8 ± 4,7% e fase C de 12,9 ± 1,0 para 19,1 ± 0,9% com inspiração frontal e similar comportamento para ciclos não inspiratórios), bem como maior sincronismo entre as ações da braçada e da pernada.

          Translated abstract

          The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the effects of pace and breathing actions on the coordinative parameters of the butterfly stroke. Four regional level swimmers participated of this study (mean performance level: 69 ± 3.6 % of the world record in the 100-m butterfly). Increasing speed, similar results were observed for both frontal breathing and non-breathing conditions. From the 200m pace to the maximal speed trial, there is a decrease in the absolute duration of arm stroke (from 2.01 ± 0.43s to 1.07 ± 0,09s), increasing the relative duration of propulsive phases (pull phase: from 14.6 ± 3.2% to 22.8 ± 4.7%; push phase: from 12.9 ± 1.0 to 19.1 ± 0.9%). Regarding to the inter-limb coordination, there is a higher continuity between the arm and leg stroke key points.

          Translated abstract

          La propuesta de este estudio piloto fue verificar los efectos de la velocidad de nado y de los ciclos inspiratorios sobre los parámetros coordinativos del nado mariposa. Participaron cuatro nadadores de nivel regional, con desempeño medio de 69 ± 3,6 % del record mundial en la prueba de 100 m mariposa. En respuesta al aumento de la velocidad de nado, entre los principales resultados, hubo: reducción en la duración absoluta de los ciclos (de 2,01 ± 0,43 s para 1,07 ± 0,09 s, entre la velocidad relativa a los 200 m e velocidad máxima en 25 m, con inspiración frontal y similar comportamiento para la condición sin respirar); un marcado aumento en la duración de las fases propulsivas de la brazada (fase B de 14,6 ± 3,2% para 22,8 ± 4,7% y fase C de 12,9 ± 1,0 para 19,1 ± 0,9% con inspiración frontal y similar comportamiento para la condición sin respirar).

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          Most cited references15

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          Arm coordination adaptations assessment in swimming.

          The link between modifications in arm coordination (IdC) and intracyclic velocity variation (IVV) as a function of swim pace and gender is investigated. Twelve elite swimmers performed 5 different swim paces. Video analysis allowed IdC determination. The IVV was determined with a velocity-metre system. Results showed (i) a significant increase in IdC with swim pace (p < 0.05) but no significant change in IVV, and (ii) a gender effect for the mean values of both IdC and IVV (p < 0.05). This suggests that (i) the increase in IdC with swimming velocity helps to maintain IVV stability, and (ii) the mean IdC and the IVV level are determined by the relationship between anthropometric parameters and mechanical power output. Indeed, compared to males, the females generally had a lower mechanical power output, and lower drag to overcome, which explains the lower IVV found. It was concluded that increasing IdC could be a strategy adopted by elite swimmers to maintain IVV at a constant level, despite increases in both propulsive and drag forces and in relation to individual characteristics. Thus, the IVV-IdC relationship may be an interesting tool to determine a swimmer's misadaptation to the swim pace and to orient individual coaching in coordination analysis.
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            Evaluation of arm-leg coordination in flat breaststroke.

            This study proposes a new method to evaluate arm-leg coordination in flat breaststroke. Five arm and leg stroke phases were defined with a velocity-video system. Five time gaps quantified the time between arm and leg actions during three paces of a race (200 m, 100 m and 50 m) in 16 top level swimmers. Based on these time gaps, effective glide, effective propulsion, effective leg insweep and effective recovery were used to identify the different stroke phases of the body. A faster pace corresponded to increased stroke rate, decreased stroke length, increased propulsive phases, shorter glide phases, and a shorter T1 time gap, which measured the effective body glide. The top level swimmers showed short time gaps (T2, T3, T4, measuring the timing of arm-leg recoveries), which reflected the continuity in arm and leg actions. The measurement of these time gaps thus provides a pertinent evaluation of swimmers' skill in adapting their arm-leg coordination to biomechanical constraints.
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              Arm to leg coordination in elite butterfly swimmers.

              This study proposed the use of four time gaps to assess arm-to-leg coordination in the butterfly stroke at increasing race paces. Fourteen elite male swimmers swam at four velocities corresponding to the appropriate paces for, respectively, the 400-m, 200-m, 100-m, and 50-m events. The different stroke phases of the arm and leg were identified by video analysis and then used to calculate four time gaps (T1: time gap between entry of the hands in the water and the high break-even point of the first undulation; T2: time gap between the beginning of the hands' backward movement and the low break-even point of the first undulation; T3: time gap between the hands' arrival in a vertical plane to the shoulders and the high break-even point of the second undulation; T4: time gap between the hands' release from the water and the low break-even point of the second undulation), the values of which described the changing relationship of arm to leg movements over an entire stroke cycle. With increases in pace, elite swimmers increased the stroke rate, the relative duration of the arm pull, the recovery and the first downward movement of the legs, and decreased the stroke length, the relative duration of the arm catch phase and the body glide with arms forward (measured by T2), until continuity in the propulsive actions was achieved. Whatever the paces, the T1, T3, and T4 values were close to zero and revealed a high degree of synchronisation at key motor points of the arm and leg actions. This new method to assess butterfly coordination could facilitate learning and coaching by situating the place of the leg undulation in relation with the arm stroke.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbce
                Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte
                Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Esporte
                Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte (Porto Alegre )
                2179-3255
                June 2012
                : 34
                : 2
                : 405-419
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                Article
                S0101-32892012000200011
                10.1590/S0101-32892012000200011
                73d3a86f-3493-49fd-9512-6cc137ad621f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-3289&lng=en
                Categories
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine
                Swimming,video analysis,butterfly stroke,coordination,Natación,análisis de vídeo,nado mariposa,coordinación,Natação,análise de vídeo,nado borboleta,coordenação

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