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      Breast density in women with premature ovarian failure or postmenopausal women using hormone therapy: analytical cross-sectional study Translated title: Densidade mamária em mulheres com falência ovariana prematura ou na pós-menopausa e em uso de terapia hormonal: estudo transversal analítico

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:

          Studies on postmenopausal women have reported increased risk of breast cancer relating to the type and duration of hormone therapy (HT) used. Women with premature ovarian failure (POF) represent a challenge, since they require prolonged HT. Little is known about the impact of prolonged HT use on these women's breasts. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of one type of HT on the breast density of women with POF, compared with postmenopausal women.

          DESIGN AND SETTING:

          Cross-sectional study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).

          METHODS:

          31 women with POF and 31 postmenopausal women, all using HT consisting of conjugated equine estrogen combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate, and matched according to HT duration, were studied. Mammography was performed on all subjects and was analyzed by means of digitization or Wolfe's classification, stratified into two categories: non-dense (N1 and P1 patterns) and dense (P2 and Dy).

          RESULTS:

          No significant difference in breast density was found between the two groups through digitization or Wolfe's classification. From digitization, the mean breast density was 24.1% ± 14.6 and 18.1% ± 17.2 in the POF and postmenopausal groups, respectively (P = 0.15). Wolfe's classification identified dense breasts in 51.6% and 29.0%, respectively (P = 0.171).

          CONCLUSION:

          There was no difference in breast density between the women with POF and postmenopausal women, who had used HT for the same length of time. These results may help towards compliance with HT use among women with POF.

          RESUMO

          CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:

          Estudos com mulheres na pós-menopausa relatam aumento no risco de câncer de mama relacionado ao tipo e duração da terapia hormonal (TH) utilizada. Mulheres com falência ovariana prematura (FOP) representam desafio por necessitarem de TH prolongada. Pouco se conhece sobre ação da TH nas mamas dessas mulheres. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos de um tipo de TH sobre a densidade mamária de mulheres com FOP comparativamente à de mulheres pós-menopausa.

          TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:

          Estudo de corte transversal no Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).

          MÉTODOS:

          Estudaram-se 31 mulheres com FOP e 31 mulheres na pós-menopausa, todas usando TH com estrogênio conjugado equino mais acetato de medroxiprogesterona, pareadas pelo tempo de utilização da TH. Todas realizaram mamografia, analisada por digitalização e por classificação de Wolfe, estratificada em duas categorias: não densa (padrão N1 e P1) e densa (P2 e Dy).

          RESULTADOS:

          Não houve diferença significativa entre a densidade mamária dos grupos analisadas por digitalização ou classificação de Wolfe. Pela digitalização, calculou-se densidade mamária média em 24.1% ± 14.6 e 18.1% ± 17.2 nas com FOP e pós-menopausa, respectivamente (P = 0,15); pela classificação de Wolfe identificou-se mamas densas em 51,6% e 29,0%, respectivamente (P = 0,171).

          CONCLUSÃO:

          Não se observou diferença na densidade mamária de mulheres com FOP comparativamente à de mulheres na pós-menopausa utilizando TH pelo mesmo período de tempo. Estes resultados podem auxiliar na aderência à TH de pacientes com FOP.

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          Most cited references58

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          Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial.

          Despite decades of accumulated observational evidence, the balance of risks and benefits for hormone use in healthy postmenopausal women remains uncertain. To assess the major health benefits and risks of the most commonly used combined hormone preparation in the United States. Estrogen plus progestin component of the Women's Health Initiative, a randomized controlled primary prevention trial (planned duration, 8.5 years) in which 16608 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years with an intact uterus at baseline were recruited by 40 US clinical centers in 1993-1998. Participants received conjugated equine estrogens, 0.625 mg/d, plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg/d, in 1 tablet (n = 8506) or placebo (n = 8102). The primary outcome was coronary heart disease (CHD) (nonfatal myocardial infarction and CHD death), with invasive breast cancer as the primary adverse outcome. A global index summarizing the balance of risks and benefits included the 2 primary outcomes plus stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, hip fracture, and death due to other causes. On May 31, 2002, after a mean of 5.2 years of follow-up, the data and safety monitoring board recommended stopping the trial of estrogen plus progestin vs placebo because the test statistic for invasive breast cancer exceeded the stopping boundary for this adverse effect and the global index statistic supported risks exceeding benefits. This report includes data on the major clinical outcomes through April 30, 2002. Estimated hazard ratios (HRs) (nominal 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were as follows: CHD, 1.29 (1.02-1.63) with 286 cases; breast cancer, 1.26 (1.00-1.59) with 290 cases; stroke, 1.41 (1.07-1.85) with 212 cases; PE, 2.13 (1.39-3.25) with 101 cases; colorectal cancer, 0.63 (0.43-0.92) with 112 cases; endometrial cancer, 0.83 (0.47-1.47) with 47 cases; hip fracture, 0.66 (0.45-0.98) with 106 cases; and death due to other causes, 0.92 (0.74-1.14) with 331 cases. Corresponding HRs (nominal 95% CIs) for composite outcomes were 1.22 (1.09-1.36) for total cardiovascular disease (arterial and venous disease), 1.03 (0.90-1.17) for total cancer, 0.76 (0.69-0.85) for combined fractures, 0.98 (0.82-1.18) for total mortality, and 1.15 (1.03-1.28) for the global index. Absolute excess risks per 10 000 person-years attributable to estrogen plus progestin were 7 more CHD events, 8 more strokes, 8 more PEs, and 8 more invasive breast cancers, while absolute risk reductions per 10 000 person-years were 6 fewer colorectal cancers and 5 fewer hip fractures. The absolute excess risk of events included in the global index was 19 per 10 000 person-years. Overall health risks exceeded benefits from use of combined estrogen plus progestin for an average 5.2-year follow-up among healthy postmenopausal US women. All-cause mortality was not affected during the trial. The risk-benefit profile found in this trial is not consistent with the requirements for a viable intervention for primary prevention of chronic diseases, and the results indicate that this regimen should not be initiated or continued for primary prevention of CHD.
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            • Article: not found

            Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52 705 women with breast cancer and 108 411 women without breast cancer

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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Breast patterns as an index of risk for developing breast cancer.

              The radiographic appearance of the breast parenchyma provides a method of predicting who will develop a breast cancer. This paper describes a restrospective study of 7,214 patients. On the basis of the radiographic appearance of the breast parenchyma, patients were placed into one of four groups of risk for developing carcinoma of the breast. Follow-up studies revealed a stepwise progression in the incidence of developing carcinoma of the breast at least 6 months after the radiographic examination. In one of the two substudies, there was a 37 times greater incidence for those at highest risk compared to the low risk group. The classifications presented are thought to be of value in the everyday practice of mammography as well as in planning screening programs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                01 July 2010
                2010
                : 128
                : 4
                : 211-214
                Affiliations
                [I ] originalMD, Postgraduate student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [II ] originalMD, PhD. Associate professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [III ] originalMD, PhD. Titular professor, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [IV ] originalPhysicist and engineer, Biomedical Engineering Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                [VI ] originalMD, PhD. Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
                Author notes
                [Address for correspondence: ] Cristina Laguna Benetti-Pinto Rua João Simões da Fonseca, 598 Loteamento Residencial Barão do Café Campinas (SP) — Brasil CEP 13085-050 Tel. (19) 3521-9306 Fax. (19) 3521-9306 E-mail: crislag@ 123456sigmanet.com.br

                Conflict of interest: None

                Article
                10.1590/S1516-31802010000400007
                10938997
                21120432
                72c87123-411a-47d7-9401-dc199ecdb445

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 28 October 2009
                : 17 June 2010
                : 23 June 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Original Article

                hormone replacement therapy,mammography,menopause,premature ovarian failure,breast,terapia de reposição hormonal,mamografia,menopausa,falência ovariana prematura,mama

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