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      3D printing for soft robotics – a review

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          Abstract

          Soft robots have received an increasing attention due to their advantages of high flexibility and safety for human operators but the fabrication is a challenge. Recently, 3D printing has been used as a key technology to fabricate soft robots because of high quality and printing multiple materials at the same time. Functional soft materials are particularly well suited for soft robotics due to a wide range of stimulants and sensitive demonstration of large deformations, high motion complexities and varied multi-functionalities. This review comprises a detailed survey of 3D printing in soft robotics. The development of key 3D printing technologies and new materials along with composites for soft robotic applications is investigated. A brief summary of 3D-printed soft devices suitable for medical to industrial applications is also included. The growing research on both 3D printing and soft robotics needs a summary of the major reported studies and the authors believe that this review article serves the purpose.

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          Design, fabrication and control of soft robots.

          Daniela Rus, Michael T Tolley (2015)
          Conventionally, engineers have employed rigid materials to fabricate precise, predictable robotic systems, which are easily modelled as rigid members connected at discrete joints. Natural systems, however, often match or exceed the performance of robotic systems with deformable bodies. Cephalopods, for example, achieve amazing feats of manipulation and locomotion without a skeleton; even vertebrates such as humans achieve dynamic gaits by storing elastic energy in their compliant bones and soft tissues. Inspired by nature, engineers have begun to explore the design and control of soft-bodied robots composed of compliant materials. This Review discusses recent developments in the emerging field of soft robotics.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1132 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            An integrated design and fabrication strategy for entirely soft, autonomous robots.

            Michael Wehner, Ryan Truby, Daniel J Fitzgerald … (2016)
            Soft robots possess many attributes that are difficult, if not impossible, to achieve with conventional robots composed of rigid materials. Yet, despite recent advances, soft robots must still be tethered to hard robotic control systems and power sources. New strategies for creating completely soft robots, including soft analogues of these crucial components, are needed to realize their full potential. Here we report the untethered operation of a robot composed solely of soft materials. The robot is controlled with microfluidic logic that autonomously regulates fluid flow and, hence, catalytic decomposition of an on-board monopropellant fuel supply. Gas generated from the fuel decomposition inflates fluidic networks downstream of the reaction sites, resulting in actuation. The body and microfluidic logic of the robot are fabricated using moulding and soft lithography, respectively, and the pneumatic actuator networks, on-board fuel reservoirs and catalytic reaction chambers needed for movement are patterned within the body via a multi-material, embedded 3D printing technique. The fluidic and elastomeric architectures required for function span several orders of magnitude from the microscale to the macroscale. Our integrated design and rapid fabrication approach enables the programmable assembly of multiple materials within this architecture, laying the foundation for completely soft, autonomous robots.
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              Microrobots for minimally invasive medicine.

              Bradley Nelson, Ioannis K Kaliakatsos, Jake Abbott (2010)
              Microrobots have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of medicine. These untethered, wirelessly controlled and powered devices will make existing therapeutic and diagnostic procedures less invasive and will enable new procedures never before possible. The aim of this review is threefold: first, to provide a comprehensive survey of the technological state of the art in medical microrobots; second, to explore the potential impact of medical microrobots and inspire future research in this field; and third, to provide a collection of valuable information and engineering tools for the design of medical microrobots.
              Article 0 comments Cited 490 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Technol Adv Mater
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Technol Adv Mater
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TSTA
                Journal ID (publisher-id): tsta20
                Title: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
                Publisher: Taylor & Francis
                ISSN (Print): 1468-6996
                ISSN (Electronic): 1878-5514
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 March 2018
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 243-262
                Affiliations
                [a ] Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University , Jeju, South Korea
                [b ] Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology , Topi, Pakistan
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Email: amm@ 123456jejunu.ac.kr
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1431862
                DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1431862
                PMC ID: 5917433
                PubMed ID: 29707065
                SO-VID: 71890eaa-32de-4898-9978-10928b0af171
                Copyright © © 2018 The Author(s). Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 11 July 2017
                Date revision received : 21 January 2018
                Date accepted : 21 January 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 119, Pages: 20
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning 10.13039/501100003621
                Award ID: CRC-15-03-KIMM
                Funded by: National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) by Korea Government (MSIP)
                Award ID: CRC-15-03-KIMM
                Categories
                Subject: New topics/Others

                Keywords: 3d printing,soft robots,functional materials,biomimetic,60 new topics/others,211 scaffold / tissue engineering / drug delivery
                Data availability:
                Keywords: 3d printing, soft robots, functional materials, biomimetic, 60 new topics/others, 211 scaffold / tissue engineering / drug delivery

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