Contributors
Teklay Gebrecherkos: Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review &
editing
Yazezew Kebede Kiros: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole:
Writing – review & editing
Feyissa Challa:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2624-6661
Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Saro Abdella: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Atsbeha Gebreegzabher: Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Dereje Leta: Role: Methodology
Abraham Desta: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing
– original draft
Ataklti Hailu: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
Geremew Tasew: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Mahmud Abdulkader: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing
– review & editing
Masresha Tessema: Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review &
editing
Getachew Tollera: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original
draft
Tsigereda Kifle: Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
Zekarias Gessesse Arefaine: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing
– original draft
Henk HDF Schallig: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
Emily R. Adams: Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Britta C. Urban: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Tobias F. Rinke de Wit: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole:
ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Dawit Wolday:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-1461
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole:
InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole:
SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole:
Writing – review & editing
Gheyath K. Nasrallah: Role: Editor
Journal
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
23
March
2022
Publication date Collection: 2022
Publication date PMC-release: 23
March
2022
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Electronic Location Identifier: e0263627
Affiliations
[1
]
Mekelle University College of Health Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
[2
]
Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
[3
]
Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
[4
]
Department of Medical Microbiology, and Infection Prevention, Experimental Parasitology
Unit, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center at the
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[5
]
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
[6
]
Amsterdam Institute Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Center, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Author notes
Competing Interests: No authors have competing interests.
‡ TFRW and DW also contributed equally to this work.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-21-32239
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263627
PMC ID: 8942258
PubMed ID: 35320286
SO-VID: 716cb35c-5bab-4d7a-81af-40318f1c7e16
Copyright © © 2022 Gebrecherkos et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
History
Date
received
: 7
October
2021
Date
accepted
: 24
January
2022
Page count
Figures: 5,
Tables: 3,
Pages: 18
Funding
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001713, European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership;
Award ID: RIA-2020EF-2095
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-1461
Dawit Wolday
This research is funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
(EDCTP) – European Union (Grant #: RIA–2020EF–2095).
Categories
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Viral Diseases
Subject:
Covid 19
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical microbiology
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Diagnostic Medicine
Subject:
Virus Testing
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Response
Subject:
Antibody Response
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Response
Subject:
Antibody Response
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Serology
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Molecular Biology
Subject:
Molecular Biology Techniques
Subject:
Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension
Subject:
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Subject:
Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Molecular Biology Techniques
Subject:
Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension
Subject:
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Subject:
Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Immune Physiology
Subject:
Antibodies
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune System Proteins
Subject:
Antibodies
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune System Proteins
Subject:
Antibodies
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Proteins
Subject:
Immune System Proteins
Subject:
Antibodies
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Pandemics
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