Elimination diet in food allergy: friend or foe?

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Abstract

Objectives

To review and discuss the role of an elimination diet in food-allergic children, emphasizing nutritional aspects for a better practical approach.

Sources

Non-systematic review of the literature .

Findings

Under an elimination diet, food-allergic patients may suffer from growth impairment or obesity and compromised quality of life. Disease phenotype, age, type, number of foods excluded, comorbidities, eating difficulties, economic status, and food availability must be considered for an appropriate diet prescription. Diet quality encompasses diversity and degree of food processing, which may alter immune regulation.

Conclusions

A friendly food elimination diet prescription depends on a multidisciplinary approach beyond macro and micronutrients .

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Most cited references 67

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Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells.

Yukihiro Furusawa, Yuuki Obata, Shinji Fukuda … (2013)

Gut commensal microbes shape the mucosal immune system by regulating the differentiation and expansion of several types of T cell. Clostridia, a dominant class of commensal microbe, can induce colonic regulatory T (Treg) cells, which have a central role in the suppression of inflammatory and allergic responses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which commensal microbes induce colonic Treg cells have been unclear. Here we show that a large bowel microbial fermentation product, butyrate, induces the differentiation of colonic Treg cells in mice. A comparative NMR-based metabolome analysis suggests that the luminal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids positively correlates with the number of Treg cells in the colon. Among short-chain fatty acids, butyrate induced the differentiation of Treg cells in vitro and in vivo, and ameliorated the development of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+) CD45RB(hi) T cells in Rag1(-/-) mice. Treatment of naive T cells under the Treg-cell-polarizing conditions with butyrate enhanced histone H3 acetylation in the promoter and conserved non-coding sequence regions of the Foxp3 locus, suggesting a possible mechanism for how microbial-derived butyrate regulates the differentiation of Treg cells. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms by which host-microbe interactions establish immunological homeostasis in the gut.

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Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases

Alar Aab, Can Altunbulakli, Kursat Azkur … (2016)

There have been extensive developments on cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections during the last few years. Better understanding the functions, reciprocal regulation, and counterbalance of subsets of immune and inflammatory cells that interact through interleukins, interferons, TNF-α, and TGF-β offer opportunities for immune interventions and novel treatment modalities in the era of development of biological immune response modifiers particularly targeting these molecules or their receptors. More than 60 cytokines have been designated as interleukins since the initial discoveries of monocyte and lymphocyte interleukins (called IL-1 and IL-2, respectively). Studies of transgenic or gene-deficient mice with altered expression of these cytokines or their receptors and analyses of mutations and polymorphisms in human genes that encode these products have provided essential information about their functions. Here we review recent developments on IL-1 to IL-38, TNF-α, TGF-β, and interferons. We highlight recent advances during the last few years in this area and extensively discuss their cellular sources, targets, receptors, signaling pathways, and roles in immune regulation in patients with allergy and asthma and other inflammatory diseases.

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Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet.

Weijing Cai, Jaime Uribarri, Gary Striker … (2010)

Modern diets are largely heat-processed and as a result contain high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) are known to contribute to increased oxidant stress and inflammation, which are linked to the recent epidemics of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This report significantly expands the available dAGE database, validates the dAGE testing methodology, compares cooking procedures and inhibitory agents on new dAGE formation, and introduces practical approaches for reducing dAGE consumption in daily life. Based on the findings, dry heat promotes new dAGE formation by >10- to 100-fold above the uncooked state across food categories. Animal-derived foods that are high in fat and protein are generally AGE-rich and prone to new AGE formation during cooking. In contrast, carbohydrate-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and milk contain relatively few AGEs, even after cooking. The formation of new dAGEs during cooking was prevented by the AGE inhibitory compound aminoguanidine and significantly reduced by cooking with moist heat, using shorter cooking times, cooking at lower temperatures, and by use of acidic ingredients such as lemon juice or vinegar. The new dAGE database provides a valuable instrument for estimating dAGE intake and for guiding food choices to reduce dAGE intake. 2010 American Dietetic Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Elaine Cristina de Almeida Kotchetkoff

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Pediatr (Rio J)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Pediatr (Rio J)

Title: Jornal de Pediatria

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Print): 0021-7557

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4782

Publication date PMC-release: 31 October 2023

Publication date Collection: Mar-Apr 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 31 October 2023

Volume: 100

Issue: Suppl 1

Pages: S65-S73

Affiliations

[a ]Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

[b ]Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Departamento de Pediatria, Santo André, SP, Brazil

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. elainekotche@ 123456gmail.com kotchetkoff@ 123456unifesp.br

Article

Publisher Item ID: S0021-7557(23)00130-4

DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.012

PMC ID: 10960192

PubMed ID: 37918813

SO-VID: 708798f1-32b9-4759-95a2-24b92682e626

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Elimination diet in food allergy: friend or foe?

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Abstract

Objectives

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SciELO Brazil

Most cited references 67

Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells.

Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases

Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet.

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