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      Further Insights on the Carotenoid Profile of the Echinoderm Marthasterias glacialis L

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          Abstract

          In this study, the carotenoid profile of the echinoderm Marthasterias glacialis L. was established using HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS/MS equipped with a C 30 column. This approach rendered the identification of 20 compounds, eight of them reported for the first time in this marine organism. Differentiation of carotenoid isomers was also achieved.

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          Lutein and zeaxanthin intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

          Qun Wu, Le Ma, Zhi Zou … (2012)
          Lutein and zeaxanthin are thought to decrease the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, findings have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin and AMD risk. Relevant studies were identified by searching five databases up to April 2010. Reference lists of articles were retrieved, and experts were contacted. Literature search, data extraction and study quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers and results were pooled quantitatively using meta-analysis methods. The potential sources of heterogeneity and publication bias were also estimated. The search yielded six longitudinal cohort studies. The pooled relative risk (RR) for early AMD, comparing the highest with the lowest category of lutein and zeaxanthin intake, was 0·96 (95 % CI 0·78, 1·17). Dietary intake of these carotenoids was significantly related with a reduction in risk of late AMD (RR 0·74; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·97); and a statistically significant inverse association was observed between lutein and zeaxanthin intake and neovascular AMD risk (RR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·92). The results were essentially consistent among subgroups stratified by participant characteristics. The findings of the present meta-analysis indicate that dietary lutein and zeaxanthin is not significantly associated with a reduced risk of early AMD, whereas an increase in the intake of these carotenoids may be protective against late AMD. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these relationships.
          Article 0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Identification and quantification of carotenoids, by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, from Amazonian fruits.

            V Rosso, Adriana Mercadante (2007)
            The major and minor carotenoids from six fruits, buriti (Mauritia vinifera), mamey (Mammea americana), marimari (Geoffrola striata), peach palm (Bactrys gasipaes), physalis (Physalis angulata), and tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum), all native to the Amazonia region, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector-mass spectrometry detector (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS), fulfilling the recommended criteria for identification. A total of 60 different carotenoids were separated on a C30 column, all-trans-beta-carotene being the major carotenoid found in all fruits. The presence of apo-10'-beta-carotenol, found in mamey, was not previously reported in foods. In addition, this is the first time that the identification of beta-zeacarotene in natural sources is supported by MS data. The total carotenoid content ranged from 38 microg/g in marimari to 514 microg/g in buriti. All fruits analyzed can be considered good sources of provitamin A, especially buriti, with 7280 RE/100 g.
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              Mechanisms of digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A.

              Lee Harrison (2004)
              Mechanisms involved in the digestion and absorption of dietary vitamin A require the participation of several proteins. Dietary retinyl esters are hydrolyzed in the intestine by the pancreatic enzyme, pancreatic triglyceride lipase, and intestinal brush border enzyme, phospholipase B. Unesterified retinol taken up by the enterocyte is complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein type 2 and the complex serves as a substrate for reesterification of the retinol by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT). The retinyl esters are then incorporated into chylomicrons, intestinal lipoproteins containing other dietary lipids, such as triglycerides, phospholipids, and free and esterified cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. Chylomicrons containing newly absorbed retinyl esters are then secreted into the lymph. Although under normal dietary conditions much of the dietary vitamin A is absorbed via the chylomicron/lymphatic route, it is also clear that under some circumstances there is substantial absorption of unesterified retinol via the portal route. Evidence supports the idea that the cellular uptake and efflux of unesterified retinol by enterocytes is mediated by lipid transporters, but the exact number, identity, and role of these proteins is not known and is an active area of research.
              Article 0 comments Cited 60 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mar Drugs
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mar Drugs
                Journal ID (publisher-id): marinedrugs
                Title: Marine Drugs
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-3397
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 July 2012
                Publication date Collection: July 2012
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 1498-1510
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Email: lilianmariutti@ 123456gmail.com
                [2 ]REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Email: david.ffup@ 123456gmail.com (D.M.P.); valentao@ 123456ff.up.pt (P.V.)
                [3 ]Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Email: natercia@ 123456ff.up.pt
                [4 ]IBMC—Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
                Author notes
                [* ] Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; Email: azm@ 123456fea.unicamp.br (A.Z.M.); Email: pandrade@ 123456ff.up.pt (P.B.A.); Tel.: +55-19-35212163 (A.Z.M.); Fax: +55-19-35212153 (A.Z.M.); Tel.: +351-220428654 (P.B.A); Fax: +351-226093390 (P.B.A).
                Article
                Publisher ID: marinedrugs-10-01498
                DOI: 10.3390/md10071498
                PMC ID: 3407926
                PubMed ID: 22851921
                SO-VID: 6fabcef5-5295-457b-a11f-f839c835dc99
                Copyright © © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 24 April 2012
                Date revision received : 13 June 2012
                Date accepted : 28 June 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: isomers,carotenoids,echinoderm,hplc-dad-apci-ms/ms,marthasterias glacialis l.
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: isomers, carotenoids, echinoderm, hplc-dad-apci-ms/ms, marthasterias glacialis l.

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