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      Síndrome hemolítico urémico en Santiago de Chile: Evolución de la función renal y factores pronósticos Translated title: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), prognostic factors and follow up of renal function, in Santiago, Chile

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      Revista chilena de pediatría
      Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría
      hemolytic uremic syndrome, renal replacement therapy, prognostic factors, Síndrome hemolítico urémico, terapias de sustitución renal y factores pronósticos

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          Abstract

          Introducción: El Síndrome Hemolítico Urémico (SHU) se caracteriza por falla renal aguda, anemia hemolítica microangiopática y trombocitopenia; es la causa más frecuente de insuficiencia renal aguda en la infancia. Objetivo: a) Describir las características actuales del cuadro inicial de SHU en nuestro medio y comparar con lo descrito anteriormente; b) Describir la evolución a 1 año plazo y evaluar posibles factores pronósticos de función renal. Sujetos y Métodos: Se estudiaron variables demográficas, presentación clínica, exámenes bioquímicos y hematológicos, en 374 pacientes con SHU diagnosticados entre Enero 1990 a Diciempe 2002 en 9 hospitales de la Región Metropolitana; se evaluó además función renal al año de seguimiento en una muestra de 213 pacientes y se identificaron factores pronósticos de insuficiencia renal crónica y mortalidad utilizando el análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: Se analizaron 374 pacientes, 50,5% mujeres, 65,5% de la Región Metropolitana, edad promedio 1,5 ± 1,4 años (0,2 a 8); 91% presentó diarrea, 31% ocurrió en verano, al ingreso 57% presentó anuria, 43,3% hipertensión arterial y convulsiones 23%. Al alta 28% persistía hipertenso. Las terapias de sustitución renal utilizadas fueron: diálisis peritoneal (50%), hemodiafiltración (6%) y hemodiálisis (3%); recibió plasmaféresis 1%. Se aisló agente etiológico en 17%, siendo en 69% E. coli enterohemorrágica. La mortalidad fue de 2,7%, siendo la causa principal la falla orgánica múltiple. En el seguimiento al año: 80% mantuvo función renal normal, 14% presento deterioro de la función renal, 6% proteinuria y 4% hipertensión. Se encontró significativo como factor pronóstico de daño renal: hipertensión arterial (p < 0,0001), necesidad de peritoneodiálisis y hemodiálisis (p: 0,001, p: 0,0015 respectivamente), anuria (p: 0,005) y convulsiones (p: 0,01). Se correlacionó con mortalidad en la etapa aguda: convulsiones, requerimiento de hemodiafiltración y plasmaféresis, (p < 0,0001, p: 0,0001 y p < 0,0001 respectivamente). Conclusiones: a) La presentación clínica de SHU no ha variado en los últimos 36 años; b) ha habido una disminución importante de la mortalidad en la etapa aguda; c) la presencia de hipertensión, necesidad de diálisis, anuria y compromiso neurológico fueron factores que se asociaron a mayor morbilidad al año de seguimiento

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: HUS is characterized by acute renal failure (ARF), microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. It is the main cause of ARF in childhood. Objective: a) To describe clinical characteristics of acute stage HUS in Chile and compare them with previous reports, b) to evaluate follow up of renal function after 12 months and prognostic factors. Methods: Demographic and clinical characteristics, biochemical and hematological parameters of 374 patients with HUS attended between January 1990 and December 2002 in 9 hospitals of the Metropolitan Region were analyzed, and renal function at 12 months of 213 patients, risk factors for poor renal prognosis and mortality using the logistic regression model were evaluated. Results: 374 patients were enrolled, 50.5% females, 65.5% from the Metropolitan Region. Mean age was 1.5 ± 1.4 years (0.2 - 8), 91% had diarrhea, 31% occurred in summer, 57% presented with anuria, 43.3% with arterial hypertension and 23% seizures . Renal replacement was done by peritoneal dialysis (50%), hemodiafiltration (6%), hemodialysis (3%) and plasmapheresis (1%). 28% remained hypertensive at discharge. An etiological agent was identified in 17%, enterohaemorrhagic E. Coli was the most frequent. Mortality was 2.7%, multi-organic failure being the principal cause. After 12 months, 80% had normal renal function, 14% chronic renal failure, 6% proteinuria with normal renal function and 4% remained hypertensive. A significant association was found between chronic renal failure and arterial hypertension (p < 0.0001), requirement of peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0015, respectively), anuria (p < 0.005) and seizures (p < 0.01). A positive correlation with mortality in the acute phase was found with seizures, hemodiafiltration and plasmapheresis requirement (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: a) Clinical presentation of HUS has not changed during the last 36 years in Santiago, Chile; b) Mortality during the acute phase has decreased; c) Hypertension, dialytic therapy requirement, anuria and neurological involvement were the most significant features associated with morbi-mortality after 1 year of follow-up

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          Thrombotic microangiopathies.

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            Long-term renal prognosis of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

            The long-term renal prognosis of patients with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) remains controversial. To quantify the long-term renal prognosis of patients with diarrhea-associated HUS and to identify reasons for different estimates provided in the literature. We searched MEDLINE and Experta Medica (EMBASE) bibliographic databases and conference proceedings, and we contacted experts until February 2003. We also searched the Institute for Scientific Information index and reference lists of all studies that fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The search strategy included the terms hemolytic-uremic syndrome, purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic, Escherichia coli O157, longitudinal studies, kidney diseases, hypertension, and proteinuria Any study that followed up 10 or more patients with primary diarrhea-associated HUS for at least 1 year for renal sequelae. Two authors independently abstracted data on study and patient characteristics, renal measures, outcomes, and prognostic features. Disagreements were resolved by a third author or by consensus. Forty-nine studies of 3476 patients with a mean follow-up of 4.4 years (range, 1-22 years at last follow-up) from 18 countries, 1950 to 2001, were summarized. At the time of recruitment, patients were aged 1 month to 18 years. In the different studies, death or permanent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) ranged from 0% to 30%, with a pooled incidence of 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%-15%). A glomerular filtration rate lower than 80 mL/min per 1.73 m2, hypertension, or proteinuria was extremely variable and ranged from 0% to 64%, with a pooled incidence of 25% (95% CI, 20%-30%). A higher severity of acute illness was strongly associated with worse long-term prognosis. Studies with a higher proportion of patients with central nervous system symptoms (coma, seizures, or stroke) had a higher proportion of patients who died or developed permanent ESRD at follow-up (explaining 44% of the between-study variability, P =.01). Studies with a greater proportion of patients lost to follow-up also described a worse prognosis (P =.001) because these patients were typically healthier than those followed up. One or more years after diarrhea-associated HUS, patients with a predicted creatinine clearance higher than 80 mL/min per 1.73 m2, no overt proteinuria, and no hypertension appeared to have an excellent prognosis. Death or ESRD occurs in about 12% of patients with diarrhea-associated HUS, and 25% of survivors demonstrate long-term renal sequelae. Patients lost to follow-up contribute to worse estimates in some studies. The severity of acute illness, particularly central nervous system symptoms and the need for initial dialysis, is strongly associated with a worse long-term prognosis.
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              Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A Working Group Report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program

              (1996)
              Background. The "Report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children—1987" developed normative blood pressure (BP) data for children and adolescents. These normative data are used to classify BP levels. Since 1987, additional BP data in children and adolescents, the use of newer classes of drugs, and the role of primary prevention of hypertension have expanded the body of knowledge regarding the classification and treatment of hypertension in the young. Objective. To report new normative BP data in children and adolescents and to provide additional information regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hypertension in children. Methods. A working group was appointed by the director of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute as chair of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) Coordinating Committee. Data on children from the 1988 through 1991 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III and nine additional national data sets were combined to develop normative BP tables. The working group members produced initial draft documents that were reviewed by NHBPEP Coordinating Committee representatives as well as experts in pediatrics, cardiology, and hypertension. This reiterative process occurred for 12 draft documents. The NHBPEP Coordinating Committee discussed the report, and additional comments were received. Differences of opinion were adjudicated by the chair of the working group. The final report was sent to representatives of the 44 organizations on the NHBPEP Coordinating Committee for vote. It was approved unanimously by the NHBPEP Coordinating Committee on October 2, 1995. Conclusions. This report provides new normative BP tables for children and adolescents, which now include height percentiles, age, and gender. The fifth Korotkoff sound is now used to define diastolic BP in children and adolescents. New charts have been developed to guide practicing clinicians in antihypertensive drug therapy selection. The primary prevention of hypertension in these age groups is discussed. A statement on public health considerations in the treatment of children and adolescents is provided.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcp
                Revista chilena de pediatría
                Rev. chil. pediatr.
                Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (Santiago, , Chile )
                0370-4106
                January 2005
                : 76
                : 1
                : 48-56
                Affiliations
                [07] orgnameHospital San Borja Arriarán Chile
                [12] orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Salud Pública Chile
                [05] orgnameHospital Roberto del Río Chile
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Chile Chile
                [06] orgnameHospital Dr. Sótero del Río Chile
                [01] orgnameHospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés Chile
                [09] orgnameHospital de Carabineros Chile
                [03] orgnameHospital Luis Calvo Mackenna Chile
                [04] orgnameHospital San Juan de Dios Chile
                [08] orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Hospital Clínico Chile
                [11] orgnameHospital Félix Bulnes Cerda Chile
                [10] orgnameUniversidad Santiago de Chile orgdiv1Pediatría Chile
                Article
                S0370-41062005000100006 S0370-4106(05)07600106
                10.4067/S0370-41062005000100006
                6e154e3a-d7e3-48a6-8657-ee385d4e7631

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 January 2005
                : 12 December 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                terapias de sustitución renal y factores pronósticos,hemolytic uremic syndrome,renal replacement therapy,prognostic factors,Síndrome hemolítico urémico

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