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      Detección de patógenos periodontales de una población con Periodontitis Agresiva en Uruguay mediante metodología convencional y molecular Translated title: Detection of periodontal pathogens in a Uruguayan population with aggressive periodontitis using conventional and molecular methods

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          Abstract

          Resumen:Las enfermedades periodontales representan un importante problema de salud que afecta los tejidos de soporte de las piezas dentarias. Dentro de ellas, las Periodontitis Agresivas se caracterizan por su rápida progresión, agregación familiar, pacientes sistémicamente sanos1 subdividiéndose en localizadas y generalizadas según la extensión del cuadro. Los microorganismos juegan un papel importante en su etiopatogenia, entre los cuales se encuentran Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum. El propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar cuáles de estos microorganismos estaba presente en 50 pacientes uruguayos con Periodontitis Agresiva. La detección se realizó con técnica convencional bacteriológica y PCR. En los cuadros generalizados se observó mayor prevalencia de F. nucleatum y P. intermedia seguido de P. gingivalis y T. forsythia. En los cuadros localizados destacaron P. intermedia, F. nucleatum y A. actinomycetemcomitans. En nuestro país se presentó una flora similar a los que figuran en otras localizaciones geográficas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract:Periodontal diseases are a major health problem affecting tooth-supporting tissues. Among them, aggressive periodontitis is characterized by rapid progression, family aggregation, systemically healthy patients, and is subdivided into localized and generalized according to the extent of the disease. Microbiota plays a major role in the etiopathogenesis of these diseases, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of these microorganisms in 50 Uruguayan patients with aggressive periodontitis. Detection was conducted with conventional bacteriological techniques and PCR. In the generalized disorders, a higher prevalence of F. nucleatum and P. intermedia was observed, although P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were also important. In the localized disorders, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans were the main ones. A similar flora to other geographical locations was present in our country

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          Occurrence of periodontopathic and superinfecting bacteria in chronic and aggressive periodontitis subjects in a Colombian population.

          Differences in the composition of subgingival microbiota in periodontitis have been observed in different geographic locations. Some of these microbial differences could have clinical significance. This study describes clinical parameters and the composition of the subgingival microbiota in chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients in a Colombian population. Clinical parameters (probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index) and plaque samples from 68 CP, 12 AgP, and 30 periodontally healthy subjects were analyzed. Subgingival samples were processed using culture, biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of periodontal and superinfecting pathogens. The analysis of variance, chi(2), and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate differences between groups for clinical parameters and microbiologic composition (P
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            Prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria in aggressive periodontitis patients in a Chilean population.

            Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is considered a major etiologic agent of aggressive periodontitis (AgP). Other periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis are also suspected of participating in aggressive periodontitis although the evidence to support this is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of eight periodontopathic bacteria in Chilean patients with AgP. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 36 aggressive, 30 localized, and six generalized periodontitis patients. Samples from 17 advanced chronic periodontitis (CP) patients were taken as controls. Samples collected from the four deepest periodontal pockets in each patient were pooled in prereduced transport fluid (RTF) and cultured. Periodontal bacteria were primarily identified by colony morphology under stereoscopic microscope and rapid biochemical tests. The identity of some bacterial isolates was confirmed by colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR). AgP showed a significatively higher prevalence of C. rectus than CP (P = 0.036). The only statistical difference found was for C. rectus. Patients with AgP showed a higher, but not statistically significant, prevalence of P. gingivalis, E. corrodens, P. micros, and Capnocytophaga sp. A similar prevalence in both groups of patients was observed for F. nucleatum and P. intermedia/nigrescens, and A. actinomycetemcomitans was less prevalent in AgP than CP patients. In localized AgP, P. intermedia/nigrescens, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, and P. micros were the more prevalent pathogens in contrast to generalized AgP patients who harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and Capnocytophaga sp. as the most prevalent bacteria. C. rectus, P. gingivalis, E. corrodens, P. micros, and Capnocytophaga sp. were the most predominant periodontopathic bacteria of AgP in this Chilean population, but the only statistical difference found here between AgP and CP was for C. rectus, suggesting that the differences in clinical appearance may be caused by factors other than the microbiological composition of the subgingival plaque of these patients. In this study, the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was much lower than that of P. gingivalis.
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              Aggressive and acute periodontal diseases.

              Inflammatory periodontal diseases are highly prevalent, although most of these diseases develop and progress slowly, often unnoticed by the affected individual. However, a subgroup of these diseases include aggressive and acute forms that have a relatively low prevalence but show a rapid-course, high rate of progression leading to severe destruction of the periodontal tissues, or cause systemic symptoms that often require urgent attention from healthcare providers. Aggressive periodontitis is an early-onset, destructive disease that shows a high rate of periodontal progression and distinctive clinical features. A contemporary case definition of this disease is presented. Population studies show that the disease is more prevalent in certain geographic regions and ethnic groups. Aggressive periodontitis is an infectious disease, and recent data show that in affected subjects the subgingival microbiota is composed of a mixed microbial infection, with a wide heterogeneity in the types and proportions of microorganisms recovered. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the microbiota of the disease among different geographic regions and ethnicities. There is also evidence that the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemycomitans-JP2 clone may play an important role in the development of the disease in certain populations. The host response plays an important role in the susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis, where the immune response may be complex and involve multiple mechanisms. Also, genetic factors seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease, but the mechanisms of increased susceptibility are complex and not yet fully understood. The available data suggest that aggressive periodontitis is caused by mutations either in a few major genes or in multiple small-effect genes, and there is also evidence of gene-gene and gene-environment interaction effects. Diagnostic methods for this disease, based on a specific microbiologic, immunologic or genetic profile, currently do not exist. Genetic markers have the potential to be implemented as screening tools to identify subjects at risk. This approach may significantly enhance treatment outcome through the early detection and treatment of affected subjects, as well as using future approaches based on gene therapy. At present, the treatment of this disease is directed toward elimination of the subgingival bacterial load and other local risk factors. Adjunctive use of appropriate systemic antibiotics is recommended and may contribute to a longer suppression of the microbial infection. Other aggressive forms of periodontal diseases occur in patients who are affected with certain systemic diseases, including the leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome and Down syndrome. Management of the periodontal component of these diseases is very challenging. Acute gingival and periodontal lesions include a group of disorders that range from nondestructive to destructive forms, and these lesions are usually associated with pain and are a common reason for emergency dental consultations. Some of these lesions may cause a rapid and severe destruction of the periodontal tissues and loss of teeth. Oral infections, particularly acute infections, can spread to extra-oral sites and cause serious medical complications, and even death. Hence, prompt diagnosis and treatment are paramount.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ode
                Odontoestomatología
                Odontoestomatología
                Facultad de Odontología - Universidad de la República (Montevideo, , Uruguay )
                0797-0374
                1688-9339
                December 2018
                : 20
                : 32
                : 68-77
                Affiliations
                [8] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología orgdiv2Cátedra de Microbiología Uruguay vpaponey@ 123456gmail.com
                [7] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología orgdiv2Cátedra de Periodoncia Uruguay
                [3] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Ciencias Biológicas Uruguay
                [4] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Ciencias Biológicas Uruguay
                [1] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología orgdiv2Cátedra de Microbiología Uruguay
                [6] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología orgdiv2Cátedra de Periodoncia Uruguay
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología orgdiv2Cátedra de Microbiología Uruguay
                [5] orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Odontología orgdiv2Cátedra de Periodoncia Uruguay
                Article
                S1688-93392018000200068
                10.22592/ode2018n32a9
                6d7df3c9-3ab5-4d20-9888-505139acdb53

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 February 2018
                : 07 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Uruguay

                Categories
                Investigación

                prevalencia,microbiota,Periodontitis Agresiva,prevalence,aggressive periodontitis

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