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      Usutu Virus, Italy, 1996

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          Abstract

          Retrospective analysis of archived tissue samples from bird deaths in the Tuscany region of Italy in 1996 identified Usutu virus. Partial sequencing confirmed identity with the 2001 Vienna strain and provided evidence for a much earlier introduction of this virus into Europe than previously assumed.

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          Emergence of Usutu virus, an African Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus Group, Central Europe

          Herbert Weissenböck, Jolanta Kolodziejek, Angelika Url … (2002)
          During late summer 2001 in Austria, a series of deaths in several species of birds occurred, similar to the beginning of the West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic in the United States. We necropsied the dead birds and examined them by various methods; pathologic and immunohistologic investigations suggested a WNV infection. Subsequently, the virus was isolated, identified, partially sequenced, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The isolates exhibited 97% identity to Usutu virus (USUV), a mosquito-borne Flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus group; USUV has never previously been observed outside Africa nor associated with fatal disease in animals or humans. If established in central Europe, this virus may have considerable effects on avian populations; whether USUV has the potential to cause severe human disease is unknown.
          Article 0 comments Cited 156 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Emergence of Usutu virus in Hungary.

            Károly Erdélyi, Tibor Csörgő, Tamás Bakonyi … (2007)
            In 2001, Usutu virus (USUV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus serogroup related to West Nile virus and previously restricted to sub-Saharan Africa, emerged in wild and zoo birds in and around Vienna, Austria. In order to monitor the spread of the infection, a dead bird surveillance program was established in Austria and in neighboring Hungary. In Hungary, 332 dead birds belonging to 52 species were tested for USUV infection between 2003 and 2006. In the first 2 years, all birds investigated were negative. In August 2005, however, USUV was detected in organ samples of a blackbird (Turdus merula), which was found dead in Budapest, Hungary, by reverse transcription-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. In July and August 2006, a further six dead blackbirds tested positive for USUV, and the virus was isolated from organ samples of one bird. These birds were also found in urban areas of Budapest. The nearly complete genomic sequence of one Hungarian USUV strain was determined; it was found to share 99.9% identity with the strain that has been circulating in Austria since 2001. This result indicates that the USUV strain responsible for the blackbird die-off in Budapest most likely spread from Austria to Hungary instead of being independently introduced from Africa.
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              West Nile and Usutu viruses in mosquitoes in Spain, 2008-2009.

              Francisca Molero, Laura Herrero, Antonio Magallanes … (2011)
              West Nile virus lineage 1 (similar to the strains obtained from golden eagles in Spain, 2007) and Usutu virus (similar to the strains obtained from Culex pipiens in Spain, 2006) were detected in pools from Culex perexiguus collected in southern Spain in 2008 and 2009, respectively. This is the first detection and isolation of West Nile virus lineage 1 from mosquitoes in Spain.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): February 2013
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 274-277
                Affiliations
                [1]Author affiliations: University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (H. Weissenböck, T. Bakonyi, N. Nowotny);
                [2]Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary (T. Bakonyi); University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy (G. Rossi);
                [3]University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (P. Mani);
                [4]Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman (N. Nowotny)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Herbert Weissenböck, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinäplatz 1, Vienna A-1210, Austria; email: herbert.weissenboeck@ 123456vetmeduni.ac.at
                Article
                Publisher ID: 12-1191
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1902.121191
                PMC ID: 3559058
                PubMed ID: 23347844
                SO-VID: 6cc49f85-2156-42eb-a565-527daa7c2b49
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: usutu virus,viruses,blackbirds,birds,bird deaths,archived tissue samples,italy,europe
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: usutu virus, viruses, blackbirds, birds, bird deaths, archived tissue samples, italy, europe

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