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      Habitat Segregation among Trophic Morphs of the Cuatro Ciénegas Cichlid (Herichthys minckleyi) Translated title: Segregación de hábitat entre formas tróficas de la mojarra de Cuatro Ciénegas (Herichthys minckleyi)

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          Abstract

          Herichthys minckleyi is an endangered, trophically polymorphic cichlid endemic to the Cuatro Ciénegas basin of Coahuila, Mexico. A molariform morph has stout pharyngeal teeth whereas a papilliform morph has numerous fine pharyngeal teeth. Individuals with intermediate pharyngeal dentition also exist, as does yet another morph, called piscivore. Previous studies indicated that morphs utilize different food sources, thus suggesting morph-specific spatial segregation, since food resource availability is spatially heterogeneous. We present data from an observational study of all morphs (but focusing on the three most common, normal-bodied ones - molariform, papilliform and intermediate) in a single spring pool, Poza Mojarral Oeste. We analyzed morph distribution in relation to habitat types, and document morph-specific differences in feeding behavior. Spatio-temporal habitat partitioning was also investigated. Habitat use by molariform, papilliform, and intermediate morphs was found to be non-random. Morphs differed in habitat use, albeit with considerable overlap. Strong segregation among morphs was not detected in any season or time of day, but habitat use patterns varied seasonally within each morph and were consistently different among morphs. All morphs behave basically as feeding generalists. This endangered species may prove more difficult to manage than other, non-polymorphic species. It is clearly important to manage not only for the maintenance of the species, but also for maintenance of its different morphs, which our study indicates may each require different mixes of habitat types. We thus hypothesize that any changes in habitat heterogeneity will lead to altered proportions of the different morphs of the species.

          Translated abstract

          Herichthys minckleyi, una mojarra en peligro de extinción endémica de Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, es tróficamente polimórfica. La forma llamada molariforme tiene dientes faríngeos robustos, mientras que la papiliforme los tiene numerosos y finos. También existen individuos con dentición intermedia, así como una tercera forma, llamada piscívora. Los estudios previos indicaban que cada forma utiliza distintos recursos alimentarios, lo que sugiere una segregación espacial específica para cada forma, ya que la disponibilidad espacial de los alimentos es heterogénea. Se presenta un estudio observacional de todas las formas (aunque con énfasis en las tres más comunes: molariforme, papiliforme e intermedia) en la Poza Mojarral Oeste. Analizamos la distribución de las formas en función del hábitat y documentamos diferencias específicas para cada forma en conducta alimentaria. Se investigó también el reparto espacio-temporal del hábitat. El uso de hábitat resultó no-aleatorio. Las formas difirieron en uso de hábitat, aunque con traslape considerable. No se detectó segregación entre las formas por época del año ni hora del día, pero el uso de hábitat varió estacionalmente para cada forma, y fue diferente entre ellas. Todas las formas son básicamente generalistas tróficos. El manejo de esta especie en peligro puede resultar más difícil que para especies no-polimórficas. Será importante buscar no sólo la permanencia de la especie, sino también la de sus diversas formas, para lo cual se requerirán diferentes mezclas de tipos de hábitat. Predecimos que cualquier cambio en la heterogeneidad del hábitat causará alteración en las proporciones de las diferentes formas de esta especie.

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          Sympatric Speciation

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            Frequency-dependent natural selection in the handedness of scale-eating cichlid fish.

            Frequency-dependent natural selection has been cited as a mechanism for maintaining polymorphisms in biological populations, although the process has not been documented conclusively in field study. Here, it is demonstrated that the direction of mouth-opening (either left-handed or right-handed) in scale-eating cichlid fish of Lake Tanganyika is determined on the basis of simple genetics and that the abundance of individuals with left- or right-handedness depends on frequency-dependent natural selection. Attacking from behind, right-handed individuals snatched scales from the prey's left flank and left-handed ones from the right flank. Within a given population, the frequency of the two phenotypes oscillated around unity. This phenomenon was effected through frequency-dependent selection exerted by the prey's alertness. Thus, individuals of the rare phenotype had more success as predators than those of the more common phenotype.
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              Polymorphism and speciation in Arctic charr

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                hbio
                Hidrobiológica
                Hidrobiológica
                UAM, Unidad Iztapalapa,
                0188-8897
                2005
                : 15
                : 2
                : 169-181
                Affiliations
                [1 ] University of Texas Estados Unidos de América
                [2 ] University of Texas Estados Unidos de América
                [3 ] Northern Arizona University Estados Unidos de América
                Article
                S0188-88972005000200006
                6a8d65a8-633c-4f4d-a184-5137a912887a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                Categories
                Marine & Freshwater Biology

                Ecology
                Reparto de habitat,reparto de recursos,interacciones intraespecíficas,polimorfismo trófico,Cuatro Ciénegas,Habitat partitioning,resource partitioning,intraspecific interactions,trophic polymorphism

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