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      Vitamin C in dermatology

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          Abstract

          Vitamin C is a potent antioxidant drug that can be used topically in dermatology to treat and prevent changes associated with photoageing. It can also be used for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Because it is unstable and difficult to deliver into the dermis in the optimum dosage, research is being directed to find stable compounds of Vitamin C and newer methods of delivery of Vitamin C into the dermis.

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          Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy.

          Zoe Diana Draelos (2015)
          Skin lightening preparations are widely used in dermatology by persons of all Fitzpatrick skin types. Fitzpatrick skin types I-III require local pigment lightening for the treatment of hormonally induced melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation caused by acne and trauma. Fitzpatrick skin types IV and darker have an even greater need for skin lightening for social reasons, as well as pigmentary changes that occur around the eyes, in the intertriginous areas, following dermatitis, or with acne and trauma. The gold standard dermatologic agent for skin lightening was hydroquinone, until regulatory agencies in Japan, Europe, and most recently in the United States questioned the safety of this substance. This has encouraged research into alternative agents to inhibit skin pigmentation such as retinoids, mequinol, azelaic acid, arbutin, kojic acid, aleosin, licorice extract, ascorbic acid, soy proteins, and N-acetyl glucosamine. The efficacy and safety of each of these ingredients is examined as possible topical alternatives to hydroquinone.
          Article 0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Topical L-ascorbic acid: percutaneous absorption studies.

            Sheldon R. Pinnell, Huanshu Yang, Mostafa Omar … (2001)
            Reactive oxygen species generated by ultraviolet light result in photocarcinogenic and photoaging changes in the skin. Antioxidants protect skin from these insults. This study defines formulation characteristics for delivering L-ascorbic acid into the skin to supplement the skin's natural antioxidant reservoir. L-ascorbic acid or its derivatives were applied to pig skin. Skin levels of L-ascorbic acid were measured to determine percutaneous delivery. L-ascorbic acid must be formulated at pH levels less than 3.5 to enter the skin. Maximal concentration for optimal percutaneous absorption was 20%. Tissue levels were saturated after three daily applications; the half-life of tissue disappearance was about 4 days. Derivatives of ascorbic acid including magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl-6-palmitate, and dehydroascorbic acid did not increase skin levels of L-ascorbic acid. Delivery of topical L-ascorbic acid into the skin is critically dependent on formulation characteristics.
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              Iontophoresis promotes percutaneous absorption of l-ascorbic acid in rat skin

              Mutsuhito Ebihara, Minoru Akiyama, Yoshihiro Ohnishi … (2003)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian Dermatol Online J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian Dermatol Online J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IDOJ
                Title: Indian Dermatology Online Journal
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2229-5178
                ISSN (Electronic): 2249-5673
                Publication date (Print): Apr-Jun 2013
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 143-146
                Affiliations
                [1]Consultant Dermatologist, Joshi Hospital Maharashtra Medical Foundation, Jehangir Hospital, Apollo Group, Pune, Maharashtra, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Saokar Pumori Telang, Embellish, the Skin and Laser Clinic, 1 st floor Sangam Project, Opp Air India office, at Sangam Ghat, Wellesley Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: drpumori@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: IDOJ-4-143
                DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.110593
                PMC ID: 3673383
                PubMed ID: 23741676
                SO-VID: 6a440fac-1d5f-44f6-933a-b8583e43956d
                Copyright © Copyright: © Indian Dermatology Online Journal
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Drug Profile

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: collagen synthesis,depigmentation,drug formulations,l–ascorbic acid,photo-ageing,vitamin c
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: collagen synthesis, depigmentation, drug formulations, l–ascorbic acid, photo-ageing, vitamin c

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