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      Incidence of Muscular Strength, Anthropometry, and Asymmetry in the General Index of Autonomy in Older Chilean Women Translated title: Incidencia de la Fuerza Muscular, Antropometría y Asimetría en el Índice General de Autonomía en Mujeres Mayores Chilenas

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          Abstract

          SUMMARY: Frailty affects the functional autonomy (FA) of older adults and could manifest itself in muscle imbalances in the limbs, resulting in a disparity in size and strength between them. In Chile, information on the relationship between muscle strength (MS) levels and FA asymmetries in older women is limited. This study related the levels of MS, anthropometric parameters, and asymmetries of the lower and upper limbs, with the FA of a group of older Chilean women. The study included 39 women who participated, and their FA was evaluated using the GDLAM index (IG). Based on the score obtained in the IG, they were classified by percentiles as Group 1 with favorable FA (P ≤ 50) and Group 2 with low FA (P > 50). Anthropometric parameters were BMI, fat percentage, bone mass, circumferences (arm, thigh, calf), diameters (humerus, femur) and upper/lower limb strength was evaluated to determine asymmetries. The differences between the covariates of both groups were evaluated using the student’s t test and the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples. G1 presented less asymmetry (p > 0.05) in the lower limbs and greater calf circumference than G2 (p < 0.05). G1 presented greater bilateral strength (dominant and non-dominant limb) compared to G2 (p < 0.05). The covariates of age, anthropometry, MS, and lower/upper limb asymmetries influence FA in older women.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN: La fragilidad afecta la autonomía funcional (AF) de las personas mayores y podría manifestarse en desequilibrios musculares en los miembros, dando lugar a una disparidad de tamaño y fuerza entre ellos. En Chile, la información que relaciona los niveles de fuerza muscular (FM) y las asimetrías con la AF en mujeres mayores es limitada. Este estudio relacionó los niveles de FM, parámetros antropométricos y asimetrías de los miembros inferiores y superiores, con la AF de un grupo de mujeres mayores chilenas. Participaron 39 mujeres, cuya AF se evaluó mediante el índice GDLAM (IG). En función de la puntuación obtenida en el IG, se clasificaron por percentiles en Grupo 1 con AF favorable (P ≤ 50) y Grupo 2 con AF baja (P > 50). Los parámetros antropométricos fueron IMC, porcentaje de grasa, masa ósea, circunferencias (brazo, muslo, pantorrilla), diámetros (húmero, fémur) y se evaluó la fuerza de los miembros superiores/ inferiores para determinar asimetrías. Las diferencias entre las covariables de ambos grupos se evaluaron mediante la prueba t de student y la prueba de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes. G1 presentó menor asimetría (p > 0,05) en los miembros inferiores y mayor perímetro de pantorrilla que G2 (p < 0,05). G1 presentó mayor fuerza bilateral (miembro dominante y no dominante) en comparación con G2 (p < 0,05). Las covariables de antropometría, FM y asimetrías de extremidades inferiores/superiores influyen en la AF en mujeres mayores.

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          Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science.

          Statistical guidelines and expert statements are now available to assist in the analysis and reporting of studies in some biomedical disciplines. We present here a more progressive resource for sample-based studies, meta-analyses, and case studies in sports medicine and exercise science. We offer forthright advice on the following controversial or novel issues: using precision of estimation for inferences about population effects in preference to null-hypothesis testing, which is inadequate for assessing clinical or practical importance; justifying sample size via acceptable precision or confidence for clinical decisions rather than via adequate power for statistical significance; showing SD rather than SEM, to better communicate the magnitude of differences in means and nonuniformity of error; avoiding purely nonparametric analyses, which cannot provide inferences about magnitude and are unnecessary; using regression statistics in validity studies, in preference to the impractical and biased limits of agreement; making greater use of qualitative methods to enrich sample-based quantitative projects; and seeking ethics approval for public access to the depersonalized raw data of a study, to address the need for more scrutiny of research and better meta-analyses. Advice on less contentious issues includes the following: using covariates in linear models to adjust for confounders, to account for individual differences, and to identify potential mechanisms of an effect; using log transformation to deal with nonuniformity of effects and error; identifying and deleting outliers; presenting descriptive, effect, and inferential statistics in appropriate formats; and contending with bias arising from problems with sampling, assignment, blinding, measurement error, and researchers' prejudices. This article should advance the field by stimulating debate, promoting innovative approaches, and serving as a useful checklist for authors, reviewers, and editors.
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            Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis

            doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy169 In the original version of the above paper there was an error in Table 3, which shows the recommended cut-off points for ASM/height2 in women. The cut-off point was given as <6.0 kg/m2, but the correct value is <5.5 kg/m2. This has now been corrected online. The authors wish to apologise for this error.
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              Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología

              En este trabajo se elabora un marco conceptual y se desarrollan unos principios básicos para fundamentar un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación más usuales en psicología basado en tres estrategias (manipulativa, asociativa y descriptiva) de donde emanan varios tipos de estudios, tres para la estrategia manipulativa (experimentales, cuasiexperimentales y de caso único), tres para la asociativa (comparativos, predictivos y explicativos) y dos para la descriptiva (observacionales y selectivos).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijmorphol
                International Journal of Morphology
                Int. J. Morphol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía (Temuco, , Chile )
                0717-9502
                April 2024
                : 42
                : 2
                : 437-445
                Affiliations
                [6] Valparaíso orgnameHospital Carlos Van Buren orgdiv1Departamento de Geriatría orgdiv2Servicio de Medicina Interna Chile
                [2] Viña del Mar orgnameUniversidad de Las Américas orgdiv1Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD Chile
                [5] Rancagua orgnameUniversidad de O’Higgins orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Chile
                [4] Santiago orgnameUniversidad Andres Bello orgdiv1Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales orgdiv2Instituto del Deporte y Bienestar Chile
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Santiago de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud Chile
                [3] Talca orgnameCentro de Salud Familiar Faustino González Chile
                Article
                S0717-95022024000200437 S0717-9502(24)04200200437
                6a01a350-c9dc-4b44-a7e4-923c8be0b172

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 November 2023
                : 10 January 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICLES

                Protocolo del Grupo de Desarrollo Latinoamericano para la Madurez,Autonomía funcional,Women,Older people,Latin American Group for maturity protocol,Functional autonomy,Mujeres,Personas mayores

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