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      Prevalence and impact of comorbidities in women with chronic pelvic pain Translated title: Prevalência e impacto de comorbidades em mulheres com dor pélvica crônica

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common condition in women and there are often associated comorbidities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in patients with CPP and to seek associations between comorbidities and the manifestations of chronic pain. METHODS: Observational case-control study with sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical information, including comorbidities, in 246 women, 123 with CPP and 123 without CPP (control group). RESULTS: Anxiety, depression, migraine and endometriosis were the most frequent comorbidities in women with CPP. The comorbidities assessed in the CPP group were not associated with pain intensity score, history of abortion, physical violence or sexual violence (p>0.05). In the group of women with CPP and endometriosis, the median anxiety and depression score was significantly lower than in the group without endometriosis (14.5; 95% CI: 11.0-14.9) versus (17.0; 95% CI: 14.6-16.7), p=0.012 and (13.0; 95%CI: 11.1-15.9) versus (16.5; 95% CI: 14.5-17.6), p= 0.045, respectively. In patients with migraine, the median depression score was higher in the group of women with CPP compared to the group without CPP (15.0; 95% CI: 14.1-17.8) versus (10.0; 95% CI: 8.5-12.4), p=0.048. CONCLUSION: The most prevalent comorbidities in women with CPP were mental disorders, migraine and endometriosis. Comorbidities were not related to pain intensity, physical violence or sexual violence. Having a diagnosis of endometriosis is associated with lower anxiety and depression scores in patients with CPP. Overlapping migraine and CPP were associated with a worse depression score.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor pélvica crônica (DPC) é uma condição comum em mulheres e frequentemente há comorbidades associadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de comorbidades em pacientes de DPC e buscar associações entre comorbidades e as manifestações da dor crônica. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional de caso-controle com informações sociodemográficas, comportamentais e clínicas, incluindo comorbidades, em 246 mulheres, sendo 123 com DPC e 123 sem DPC (grupo controle). RESULTADOS: Ansiedade, depressão, enxaqueca e endometriose foram as comorbidades mais frequentes em mulheres com DPC. As comorbidades avaliadas no grupo com DPC não se associaram com o escore de intensidade da dor, com história de aborto, de violência física nem de violência sexual (p>0,05). No grupo de mulheres com DPC e endometriose, a mediana do escore de ansiedade e de depressão foi significativamente menor do que no grupo sem endometriose (14,5; IC 95%: 11,0-14,9) versus (17,0; IC 95%: 14,6-16,7), p=0,012 e (13,0; IC 95%: 11,1-15,9) versus (16,5; IC 95%: 14,5-17,6), p=0,045, respectivamente. Em pacientes com enxaqueca, a mediana do escore de depressão foi maior no grupo de mulheres com DPC em relação ao grupo sem DPC (15,0; IC 95%: 14,1-17,8) versus (10,0; IC 95%: 8,5-12,4), p=0,048. CONCLUSÃO: As comorbidades mais prevalentes em mulheres com DPC foram transtornos mentais, enxaqueca e endometriose. As comorbidades não se associaram à intensidade da dor, violência física ou sexual. O diagnóstico de endometriose associou-se a menores escores de ansiedade e de depressão em mulheres com DPC. A sobreposição de enxaqueca e DPC associou-se a um pior escore de depressão.

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          Factor structure, reliability, and item parameters of the brazilian-portuguese version of the GAD-7 questionnaire

          This study examined the psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7 questionnaire in a community sample (n = 206) of Brazilian adults. The sample was 41% female, with a mean age of 21.10 (SD = 4.49),75.6% from colleges/universities. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis provided support to the original unidimensional model of the GAD-7 in the Brazilian context. Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the GAD-7 scores were significantly different between males and females, with females scoring higher than males. The scale demonstrated good reliability evidence; both Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = .916) and rho composite reliability coefficient (ρ= .909) were adequate. Item parameter analysis showed items 5 and 7 presented the highest severity thresholds for the generalized anxiety latent trait, whereas item 1 presented the lowest ones. Our findings suggest that the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the GAD-7 is suitable for assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms in Brazilian adults in community settings.
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            Relating Chronic Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis to Signs of Sensitization and Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction.

            Chronic pelvic pain is a frustrating symptom for patients with endometriosis and is frequently refractory to hormonal and surgical management. While these therapies target ectopic endometrial lesions, they do not directly address pain due to central sensitization of the nervous system and myofascial dysfunction, which can continue to generate pain from myofascial trigger points even after traditional treatments are optimized. This article provides a background for understanding how endometriosis facilitates remodeling of neural networks, contributing to sensitization and generation of myofascial trigger points. A framework for evaluating such sensitization and myofascial trigger points in a clinical setting is presented. Treatments that specifically address myofascial pain secondary to spontaneously painful myofascial trigger points and their putative mechanisms of action are also reviewed, including physical therapy, dry needling, anesthetic injections, and botulinum toxin injections.
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              Prevalence of Chronic Pelvic Pain Among Women: An Updated Review

              Background: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP), defined as a noncyclical pain lasting for more than 6 months can lead to lower physical performance and quality of life in women. CPP is a worldwide problem affecting women of all ages. However, health care professionals and researchers, due to its complex nature and the lack of knowledge surrounding the condition, frequently neglect CPP. Subsequently, basic data and knowledge regarding CPP remain incomplete. Objective: To update the review of the worldwide estimation of the CPP prevalence considering the World Health Organization systematic review by Latthe et al in 2006 as point of departure. Study Design: A systematic review of CPP prevalence studies. Method: Electronic search was performed to find related articles through PubMed between 2005 and 2012 based on the PRISMA statement (2009). Results: From 140 studies, only 7 studies were about CPP prevalence. Their study design consisted of 3 cross sectional studies, one population based mailing questionnaire study, one survey study (computer assisted telephone interview), one data analysis by questionnaire, and one prospective community based study. Limitations: Paucity of population based studies in addition to probability of existence of studies at the local level with limited access to worldwide databases, lack of consensus about definition of CPP among researchers and therapists, and non-inclusion of CPP related key words in databases such as PubMed. Conclusion: Based on these articles, prevalence in general ranged between 5.7% and 26.6%. There were many countries and regions without basic data in the field of CPP. This review shows the paucity of studies, especially multidisciplinary researches with multifactorial views on CPP. Multidisciplinary studies would provide more reliable data for estimating the prevalence of CPP and its psycho-socioeconomic burden, as well as finding its etiologies and characteristics. This would be the first step towards better treatment and care for women with CPP. Key words: Chronic pelvic pain, women, epidemiology, prevalence, human, female
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                brjp
                BrJP
                BrJP
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo da Dor (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2595-0118
                2595-3192
                2024
                : 7
                : e20240026
                Affiliations
                [1] Goiânia GO orgnameFederal University of Goiás orgdiv1School of Medicine Brazil
                [2] Goiânia GO orgnameFederal University of Goiás orgdiv1Gynecology and Obstetrics Department Brazil
                Article
                S2595-31922024000100219 S2595-3192(24)00700000219
                10.5935/2595-0118.20240026-en
                53abb3f2-be2d-47d6-9b45-11da3af875aa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 January 2024
                : 23 March 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Comorbidity,Chronic pain,Endometriose,Endometriosis,Pelvic pain,Comorbidades,Dor crônica,Dor pélvica

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