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      Biphasic Effects of Blue Light Irradiation on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

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          Abstract

          Blue light regulates biological function in various cells, such as proliferation, oxidative stress, and cell death. We employed blue light illumination on human umbilical vein endothelial cells utilizing a LED device at 453 nm wavelength and revealed a novel biphasic response on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results showed that low fluence blue light irradiation promoted the fundamental cell activities, including cell viability, migration and angiogenesis by activating the angiogenic pathways such as the VEGF signaling pathway. In contrast, high fluence illumination caused the opposite effect on those activities by upregulating pro-apoptotic signaling cascades like ferroptosis, necroptosis and the p53 signaling pathways. Our results provide an underlying insight into photobiomodulation by blue light and may help to implement potential treatment strategies for treating angiogenesis-dependent diseases.

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          Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis.

          Peter Carmeliet, Rakesh Jain (2011)
          Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body, but also nourish diseases such as cancer. Over the past decade, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis (blood vessel growth) has increased at an explosive rate and has led to the approval of anti-angiogenic drugs for cancer and eye diseases. So far, hundreds of thousands of patients have benefited from blockers of the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor, but limited efficacy and resistance remain outstanding problems. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown new molecular targets and principles, which may provide avenues for improving the therapeutic benefit from anti-angiogenic strategies.
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            Angiogenesis in health and disease.

            Peter Carmeliet (2003)
            Blood vessels constitute the first organ in the embryo and form the largest network in our body but, sadly, are also often deadly. When dysregulated, the formation of new blood vessels contributes to numerous malignant, ischemic, inflammatory, infectious and immune disorders. Molecular insights into these processes are being generated at a rapidly increasing pace, offering new therapeutic opportunities that are currently being evaluated.
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              Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis.

              P Carmeliet (2000)
              Endothelial and smooth muscle cells interact with each other to form new blood vessels. In this review, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of endothelium-lined channels (angiogenesis) and their maturation via recruitment of smooth muscle cells (arteriogenesis) during physiological and pathological conditions are summarized, alongside with possible therapeutic applications.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Pasquale Ambrosino: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomedicines
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomedicines
                Journal ID (publisher-id): biomedicines
                Title: Biomedicines
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2227-9059
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 July 2021
                Publication date Collection: July 2021
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 829
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Kejia.Kan@ 123456medma.uni-heidelberg.de (K.K.); Yifei.Mu@ 123456medma.uni-heidelberg.de (Y.M.); Natalia.Kuch@ 123456medma.uni-heidelberg.de (N.K.)
                [2 ]European Center of Angioscience ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
                [3 ]Urgo Research Innovation and Development, 21300 Chenôve, France; m.bouschbacher@ 123456fr.urgo.com
                [4 ]NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Carsten.Sticht@ 123456medma.uni-heidelberg.de
                [5 ]First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; martin.sigl@ 123456umm.de
                [6 ]Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Nuh.Rahbari@ 123456umm.de
                [7 ]Medical Research Centre, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Norbert.gretz@ 123456medma.uni-heidelberg.de
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: Prama.pallavi@ 123456medma.uni-heidelberg.de (P.P.); Michael.keese@ 123456umm.de (M.K.); Tel.: +49-621-383-4057 (P.P.); +49-621-383-1501 (M.K.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6340-1990
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-1673
                Article
                Publisher ID: biomedicines-09-00829
                DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070829
                PMC ID: 8301484
                SO-VID: 6773ac92-fb6c-4c5a-97c7-5ddf2d58c846
                Copyright © © 2021 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 21 June 2021
                Date accepted : 12 July 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: blue light,photobiomodulation,endothelial cell,angiogenesis,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species
                Data availability:
                Keywords: blue light, photobiomodulation, endothelial cell, angiogenesis, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species

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