For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
8
views
25
references
 Top references
cited by
1
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      267
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Hepatitis C Virus Infection at Primary Healthcare Level in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia: Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus an Associated Factor?

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background: There is an increasing concern about the relation between hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aims to determine the prevalence of HCV infection among T2DM patients and non-diabetic patients attending primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Abha city, southwestern Saudi Arabia, and to explore the possible association between T2DM and HCV infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study targeting a random sample of T2DM and non-diabetic patients attending PHCCs in Abha City was conducted. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and screened for HCV infection using fourth-generation ELISA kits. All positive cases were confirmed by qualitative RT-PCR immune assay. Results: The study revealed an overall seroprevalence of HCV infection of 5% (95% CI: 2.9–7.9%). Among T2DM and non-diabetics, a seroprevalence of 8.0% and 2.0% was found, respectively. Using multivariable regression analysis, the only significant associated factor for HCV infection was T2DM (aOR = 4.185, 95% CI: 1.074–16.305). Conclusions: There is strong positive association between T2DM and HCV infection. Yet, the direction of relationship is difficult to establish. Patients with T2DM have higher prevalence of HCV infection than non-diabetic group. It is highly recommended for primary health care providers to screen for HCV infection among T2DM patients and to increase the level of HCV awareness among them.

          Related collections

          Most cited references25

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence.

          Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah, Justina Groeger, Abraham Flaxman … (2013)
          In efforts to inform public health decision makers, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 (GBD2010) Study aims to estimate the burden of disease using available parameters. This study was conducted to collect and analyze available prevalence data to be used for estimating the hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden of disease. In this systematic review, antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) seroprevalence data from 232 articles were pooled to estimate age-specific seroprevalence curves in 1990 and 2005, and to produce age-standardized prevalence estimates for each of 21 GBD regions using a model-based meta-analysis. This review finds that globally the prevalence and number of people with anti-HCV has increased from 2.3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.1%-2.5%) to 2.8% (95% UI: 2.6%-3.1%) and >122 million to >185 million between 1990 and 2005. Central and East Asia and North Africa/Middle East are estimated to have high prevalence (>3.5%); South and Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Andean, Central, and Southern Latin America, Caribbean, Oceania, Australasia, and Central, Eastern, and Western Europe have moderate prevalence (1.5%-3.5%); whereas Asia Pacific, Tropical Latin America, and North America have low prevalence (<1.5%). The high prevalence of global HCV infection necessitates renewed efforts in primary prevention, including vaccine development, as well as new approaches to secondary and tertiary prevention to reduce the burden of chronic liver disease and to improve survival for those who already have evidence of liver disease. Copyright © 2012 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
          Article 0 comments Cited 787 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Hepatitis C infection and risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

            H Serag, Tyler D. White, Vlad Ratziu (2008)
            Several studies found hepatitis C (HCV) increases risk of Type II diabetes mellitus (DM). However, others found no or only sub-group specific excess risk. We performed meta-analyses to examine whether HCV infection does increase DM risk in comparison to the general population and in other sub-groups with increased liver disease rates including with hepatitis B (HBV). We followed standard guidelines for performance of meta-analyses. Two independent investigators identified eligible studies through structured keyword searches in relevant databases including PubMed. We identified 34 eligible studies. Pooled estimators indicated significant DM risk in HCV-infected cases in comparison to non-infected controls in both retrospective (OR(adjusted)=1.68, 95% CI 1.15-2.20) and prospective studies (HR(adjusted)=1.67, 95% CI 1.28-2.06). Excess risk was also observed in comparison to HBV-infected controls (OR(adjusted)=1.80, 95% CI 1.20-1.40) with suggestive excess observed in HCV+/HIV+ cases in comparison to HIV+ controls (OR(unadjusted)=1.82, 95% CI 1.27-2.38). Our finding of excess DM risk with HCV infection in comparison to non-infected controls is strengthened by consistency of results from both prospective and retrospective studies. The excess risk observed in comparison to HBV-infected controls suggests a potential direct viral role in promoting DM risk, but this needs to be further examined.
            Article 0 comments Cited 125 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Oman.

              Khalfan Mohammed, Bastawy M A Al Fawal, P Jousilahti (2002)
              To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose by age, gender, and by region and compare results with the 1991 survey; and estimate previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in the Omani population. Cross-sectional survey containing a probability random sample of 5838 Omani adults aged >or= 20 years. Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were assessed by fasting venous plasma glucose using 1999 World Health Organization's diagnostic criteria (normoglycaemia or= 6.1 but or= 7 mmol/l). The 1991 survey was reanalysed using the same diagnostic criteria, and results were compared. In 2000, the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes among Omanis aged 30-64 years reached 16.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 14.7-17.4) compared with 12.2% (95% CI11.0-13.4) in 1991. IFG was found among 7.1% (95% CI6.2-8.1) of males and 5.1% (95% CI 4.4-6.0) of females. Generally, diabetes was more common in urban then rural regions. Only one-third of diabetic subjects knew that they had diabetes. Nearly half of the study population had a body mass index > 25 kg/m2. The prevalence of diabetes is high in Oman and has increased over the past decade. The high rate of abnormal fasting glucose together with high rates of overweight and obesity in the population make it likely that diabetes will continue to be a major health problem in Oman. Primary prevention programmes are urgently needed to counteract major risk factors that promote the development of diabetes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 61 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijerph
                Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Print): 1661-7827
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 November 2018
                Publication date (Print): November 2018
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2513
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; s_humayed@ 123456yahoo.com
                [2 ]Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; njgirgis@ 123456yahoo.co.uk (N.J.A.); dr.alsabaani@ 123456hotmail.com (A.A.A.)
                [3 ]Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
                [4 ]Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: mahfouz2005@ 123456gmail.com ; Tel.: +966-17-241-7629; Fax: +966-17-241-7771
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-6431
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5687-6621
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijerph-15-02513
                DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112513
                PMC ID: 6267576
                PubMed ID: 30423991
                SO-VID: 66b641b4-4240-4eb9-b536-b7bc420ceb95
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 28 October 2018
                Date accepted : 08 November 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: hepatitis c virus infection,type 2 diabetes mellitus,primary healthcare centers,saudi arabia
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: hepatitis c virus infection, type 2 diabetes mellitus, primary healthcare centers, saudi arabia

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content267

                See all similar

                Cited by1

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors205

                See all reference authors