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      Avian Influenza H5N1 in Tigers and Leopards

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          Abstract

          Influenza virus is not known to affect wild felids. We demonstrate that avian influenza A (H5N1) virus caused severe pneumonia in tigers and leopards that fed on infected poultry carcasses. This finding extends the host range of influenza virus and has implications for influenza virus epidemiology and wildlife conservation.

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          Most cited references13

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          Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses.

          M Hatta (2001)
          In 1997, an H5N1 influenza A virus was transmitted from birds to humans in Hong Kong, killing 6 of the 18 people infected. When mice were infected with the human isolates, two virulence groups became apparent. Using reverse genetics, we showed that a mutation at position 627 in the PB2 protein influenced the outcome of infection in mice. Moreover, high cleavability of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein was an essential requirement for lethal infection.
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            Lethal H5N1 influenza viruses escape host anti-viral cytokine responses.

            The H5N1 influenza viruses transmitted to humans in 1997 were highly virulent, but the mechanism of their virulence in humans is largely unknown. Here we show that lethal H5N1 influenza viruses, unlike other human, avian and swine influenza viruses, are resistant to the antiviral effects of interferons and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The nonstructural (NS) gene of H5N1 viruses is associated with this resistance. Pigs infected with recombinant human H1N1 influenza virus that carried the H5N1 NS gene experienced significantly greater and more prolonged viremia, fever and weight loss than did pigs infected with wild-type human H1N1 influenza virus. These effects required the presence of glutamic acid at position 92 of the NS1 molecule. These findings may explain the mechanism of the high virulence of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans.
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              Avian H5N1 influenza in cats.

              During the 2003 to 2004 outbreak of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in Asia, there were anecdotal reports of fatal infection in domestic cats, although this species is considered resistant to influenza. We experimentally inoculated cats with H5N1 virus intratracheally and by feeding them virus-infected chickens. The cats excreted virus, developed severe diffuse alveolar damage, and transmitted virus to sentinel cats. These results show that domestic cats are at risk of disease or death from H5N1 virus, can be infected by horizontal transmission, and may play a role in the epidemiology of this virus.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Emerg Infect Dis
                Emerging Infect. Dis
                EID
                Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                1080-6040
                1080-6059
                December 2004
                : 10
                : 12
                : 2189-2191
                Affiliations
                [* ]Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;
                []Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;
                []Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Yong Poovorawan, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama 4 Rd, Pratumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; fax: +662-256-4929; email: yong.p@ 123456chula.ac.th
                Article
                04-0759
                10.3201/eid1012.040759
                3323383
                15663858
                66af75be-ce96-4d06-b422-902a5669fb93
                History
                Categories
                Dispatch
                Dispatch

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Infectious disease & Microbiology

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