Avian Influenza H5N1 in Tigers and Leopards

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Abstract

Influenza virus is not known to affect wild felids. We demonstrate that avian influenza A (H5N1) virus caused severe pneumonia in tigers and leopards that fed on infected poultry carcasses. This finding extends the host range of influenza virus and has implications for influenza virus epidemiology and wildlife conservation.

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Most cited references 13

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Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses.

M Hatta (2001)

In 1997, an H5N1 influenza A virus was transmitted from birds to humans in Hong Kong, killing 6 of the 18 people infected. When mice were infected with the human isolates, two virulence groups became apparent. Using reverse genetics, we showed that a mutation at position 627 in the PB2 protein influenced the outcome of infection in mice. Moreover, high cleavability of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein was an essential requirement for lethal infection.

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Lethal H5N1 influenza viruses escape host anti-viral cytokine responses.

Sang Seo, Erich Hoffmann, Robert G. Webster (2002)

The H5N1 influenza viruses transmitted to humans in 1997 were highly virulent, but the mechanism of their virulence in humans is largely unknown. Here we show that lethal H5N1 influenza viruses, unlike other human, avian and swine influenza viruses, are resistant to the antiviral effects of interferons and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The nonstructural (NS) gene of H5N1 viruses is associated with this resistance. Pigs infected with recombinant human H1N1 influenza virus that carried the H5N1 NS gene experienced significantly greater and more prolonged viremia, fever and weight loss than did pigs infected with wild-type human H1N1 influenza virus. These effects required the presence of glutamic acid at position 92 of the NS1 molecule. These findings may explain the mechanism of the high virulence of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans.

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Avian H5N1 influenza in cats.

Thijs Kuiken, Guus Rimmelzwaan, Debby van Riel … (2004)

During the 2003 to 2004 outbreak of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in Asia, there were anecdotal reports of fatal infection in domestic cats, although this species is considered resistant to influenza. We experimentally inoculated cats with H5N1 virus intratracheally and by feeding them virus-infected chickens. The cats excreted virus, developed severe diffuse alveolar damage, and transmitted virus to sentinel cats. These results show that domestic cats are at risk of disease or death from H5N1 virus, can be infected by horizontal transmission, and may play a role in the epidemiology of this virus.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): EID

Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ISSN (Print): 1080-6040

ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059

Publication date (Print): December 2004

Volume: 10

Issue: 12

Pages: 2189-2191

Affiliations

[* ]Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;

[† ]Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;

[‡ ]Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Yong Poovorawan, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama 4 Rd, Pratumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; fax: +662-256-4929; email: yong.p@ 123456chula.ac.th

Article

Publisher ID: 04-0759

DOI: 10.3201/eid1012.040759

PMC ID: 3323383

PubMed ID: 15663858

SO-VID: 66af75be-ce96-4d06-b422-902a5669fb93

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