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      Effect of pilates method on inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength in the elderly Translated title: Efeito do método pilates na força dos músculos inspiratórios e expiratórios em idosos

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          Abstract

          Abstract With aging, the respiratory muscle strength decreases and the Pilates method is a technique that uses respiration as one of its principles. The present study has the aim of analyzing the influence of the Pilates method on respiratory muscle strength in older women. For the evaluation of respiratory muscle strength (inspiratory and expiratory), manovacuometer was used. Thirty-oneolder women were divided into two groups: 14 participated in the Pilates group and 17 in the control group. Participantsof the Pilates group performed 16 sessions of Pilates method with an hour of training, twice week for eight weeks. The control group participated in four educational lectures for eight weeks. For statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA for repeated measures (p <0.05) and Cohen’s D index were performed. The results showed significant difference and the mean effect for the Cohen’s D index expiratory muscle strength of the Pilates group when comparing before (69.71 ± 25.48) and after (85.23 ± 22.21) training (p<0.05) with an increase of 23%. The results of inspiratory muscle strength were not significant but presented an average effect for the Cohen’s D index for the Pilates group before (69.71 ± 35.46) and after (88.00 ± 34.87) training, with an increase of 27%. The control group did not present significant differences for the variables evaluated. It could be concluded that the Pilates method is effective in improving expiratory muscle strength and provides positive effects on the increase in inspiratory muscle strength.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Com o envelhecimento, a força muscular respiratória diminui e o método Pilates é uma técnica que utiliza da respiração como um de seus princípios. Com isso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência do método Pilates na força muscular respiratória em idosas. Para a avaliação da força dos músculos respiratórios (inspiratórios e expiratórios) foi utilizado o manovacuomêtro. Participaram da pesquisa 31 idosas que foram divididas em dois grupos, 14 idosas participaram do grupo Pilates e 17 do grupo controle. As idosas participantes do grupo Pilates realizaram 16 sessões com uma hora de treinamento, duas vezes na semana, durante oito semanas. Quanto ao grupo controle, as idosas participaram de quatro palestras educativas durante oito semanas. Para a análise estatística foi realizado o teste de Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA para medidas repetidas e o D de Cohen. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa e efeito médio para o índice de D de Cohen da força dos músculos expiratórios do grupo Pilates, ao comparar antes (69,71 ± 25,48) e após (85,23 ± 22,21) o treinamento (p<0,05), com aumento de 23%. Os resultados da força muscular inspiratória não apresentaram diferença significativa, mas apresentou efeito médio para o índice de D de Cohen para o grupo Pilates comparando antes (69,71 ± 35,46) e após (88,00 ± 34,87) o treinamento, com um aumento de 27%. O grupo controle não apresentou diferença significativa para as variáveis avaliadas. Pode-se concluir que o método Pilates é eficaz na melhora da força muscular expiratória e apresenta efeito positivo sobre o aumento da força muscular inspiratória.

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          The importance of a priori sample size estimation in strength and conditioning research.

          The statistical power, or sensitivity of an experiment, is defined as the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis. Only 3 factors can affect statistical power: (a) the significance level (α), (b) the magnitude or size of the treatment effect (effect size), and (c) the sample size (n). Of these 3 factors, only the sample size can be manipulated by the investigator because the significance level is usually selected before the study, and the effect size is determined by the effectiveness of the treatment. Thus, selection of an appropriate sample size is one of the most important components of research design but is often misunderstood by beginning researchers. The purpose of this tutorial is to describe procedures for estimating sample size for a variety of different experimental designs that are common in strength and conditioning research. Emphasis is placed on selecting an appropriate effect size because this step fully determines sample size when power and the significance level are fixed. There are many different software packages that can be used for sample size estimation. However, I chose to describe the procedures for the G*Power software package (version 3.1.4) because this software is freely downloadable and capable of estimating sample size for many of the different statistical tests used in strength and conditioning research. Furthermore, G*Power provides a number of different auxiliary features that can be useful for researchers when designing studies. It is my hope that the procedures described in this article will be beneficial for researchers in the field of strength and conditioning.
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            O envelhecimento populacional brasileiro desafios e consequências sociais atuais e futuras

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              Pilates versus general exercise effectiveness on pain and functionality in non-specific chronic low back pain subjects.

              Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common causes of disability, and the Pilates method has been associated with improvements in symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Pilates method, when compared to general exercises, on pain and functionality after eight weeks (16 sessions, 2×/week) and a follow-up of three months, in subjects with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). A randomised controlled trial composed of 22 subjects was proposed. Subjects were allocated into two groups: the Pilates group (PG) (n = 11) and the general exercise group (GEG) (n = 11). The PG protocol was based on the Pilates method and the GEG performed exercises to manage NSCLBP. There were no differences between the groups. When analysed over time, the GEG demonstrated improvements in functionality between baseline and the end of treatment (P = .02; Cohen'sd¯ = 0.34) and baseline and follow-up (P = .04; Cohen'sd¯ = 0.31). There were no differences between the Pilates and general exercises with regard to pain and functionality in NSCLBP subjects but general exercises were better than Pilates for increasing functionality and flexibility.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbcdh
                Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano
                Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Florianópolis, SC, Brazil )
                1415-8426
                1980-0037
                February 2018
                : 20
                : 1
                : 1-9
                Affiliations
                [01] Rio Claro orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Institute of Biosciences Brazil
                [02] Marília orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences Brazil
                Article
                S1980-00372018000100001
                10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n1p1
                64ae702e-80db-463c-b4d3-96e4aa6df158

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 December 2017
                : 28 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Força muscular,Modalidades de fisioterapia,Testes de função respiratória,Muscle strength,Physical therapy modalities,Respiratory function tests

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